Taxon: Hordeum vulgare L. subsp. vulgare

See other conspecific taxa:

• Hordeum vulgare (no accessions)
• Hordeum vulgare subsp. spontaneum (1598 accessions)

Common names:

• barley   (Source: World Econ Pl ) – English
  
• da mai   (Source: F ChinaEng ) – Transcribed Chinese
  
• orge   (Source: Dict Rehm ) – French
  
• orge vulgaire   (Source: F NAmer ) – French
  
• Gerste   (Source: Dict Rehm ) – German
  
• Saatgerste   (Source: Dict Rehm ) – German
  
• krithe   (Source: Mansf Ency ) – Transliterated Greek
  
• orzo   (Source: Mansf Ency ) – Italian
  
• ō-mugi   (Source: Grass Japan ) – Japanese Rōmaji
  
• cevada   (Source: Dict Rehm ) – Portuguese
  
• cebada   (Source: Dict Rehm ) – Spanish
  

More:

see MMPND for additional names in foreign scripts

Economic importance:

• Environmental: soil improver   (fide Cover Crop Database)
  
• Human food: beverage base   (fide Agron. Mon. 29. 1985)
  
• Human food: cereal   (fide Agron. Mon. 29. 1985)
  
• Animal food: fodder   (fide CultTropS)
  
• Fuels: potential as petroleum substitute/alcohol   (fide web document)
  
• Vertebrate poisons: mammals   (to livestock when infected with certain fungi, fide Kingsbury)
  

More:

View toxicology references for Hordeum vulgare subsp. vulgare from FDA Poisonous Plant Database

Distributional range:

• AFRICA
  Macaronesia: Portugal - Azores, Madeira Islands; Spain - Canary Islands
  Northern Africa: Algeria; Egypt; Libya; Morocco; Tunisia
  Northeast Tropical Africa: Eritrea
  East Tropical Africa: Kenya; Tanzania
  West-Central Tropical Africa: Zaire
  West Tropical Africa: Mauritania; Nigeria [n.]
  South Tropical Africa: Zambia; Zimbabwe
  Southern Africa: South Africa
  Western Indian Ocean: Madagascar
• ASIA-TEMPERATE
  Arabian Peninsula: Bahrain; Saudi Arabia; Yemen
  Western Asia: Afghanistan; Cyprus; Iran; Iraq; Israel; Jordan; Lebanon; Syria; Turkey
  Caucasus: Armenia; Azerbaijan; Georgia; Russian Federation - Ciscaucasia
  Siberia: Russian Federation - Eastern Siberia, Western Siberia
  Middle Asia: Kazakhstan; Kyrgyzstan; Tajikistan; Turkmenistan; Uzbekistan
  Mongolia: Mongolia
  Russian Far East: Russian Federation - Far East
  China: China
  Eastern Asia: Japan
• ASIA-TROPICAL
  Indian Subcontinent: Bhutan; India; Nepal; Pakistan
  Indo-China: Myanmar [c.]; Thailand
  Malesia: Indonesia - Java [e.]
• EUROPE
  Northern Europe: Denmark; Finland; Iceland; Norway; Sweden; United Kingdom
  Middle Europe: Austria; Czech Republic; Germany; Hungary; Netherlands; Poland; Slovakia; Switzerland
  East Europe: Moldova; Russian Federation - European part; Ukraine
  Southeastern Europe: Albania; Croatia; Italy [incl. Sardinia]; Romania; Serbia; Slovenia
  Southwestern Europe: France [incl. Corsica]; Portugal; Spain [incl. Baleares]
• NORTHERN AMERICA
  Canada
  Mexico
  United States
• SOUTHERN AMERICA
  Mesoamerica: El Salvador; Guatemala; Honduras
  Brazil: Brazil
  Western South America: Bolivia; Ecuador; Peru
  Southern South America: Argentina; Chile; Uruguay

References:

• Bothmer, R. von & N. Jacobsen. 1985. Origin, taxonomy, and related species. In: American Society of Agronomy, Agronomy; a series of monographs. 26:29.
• Englert, J. M. et al. 1999–. USDA-NRCS Improved conservation plant materials released by NRCS and cooperators.
• FNA Editorial Committee. 1993–. Flora of North America.
• Hanelt, P., ed. 2001. Mansfeld's encyclopedia of agricultural and horticultural crops. Volumes 1-6.
• Kingsbury, J. M. 1964. Poisonous plants of the United States and Canada.
• Koyama, T. 1987. Grasses of Japan and its neighboring regions.
• Löve, Á. 1984. Conspectus of the Triticeae. Feddes Repert. 95:435.
• Markle, G. M. et al., eds. 1998. Food and feed crops of the United States, ed. 2.
• Nasir, E. & S. I. Ali, eds. 1970–. Flora of [West] Pakistan.
• Porcher, M. H. et al. Searchable World Wide Web Multilingual Multiscript Plant Name Database (MMPND) (on-line resource).
• Rechinger, K. H., ed. 1963–. Flora iranica.
• Rehm, S. & G. Espig. 1991. The cultivated plants of the tropics and subtropics.
• Rehm, S. 1994. Multilingual dictionary of agronomic plants.
• Tutin, T. G. et al., eds. 1964–1980. Flora europaea.
• Tzvelev, N. N. 1976. Zlaki SSSR.
• USDA Agricultural Research Service: Sustainable Biofuel and Co-products Research Unit. 2010. Economic competitiveness of renewable fuelds derived from grains and related biomass. [re. potential use as fuel substitute].
• University of California Sustainable Agriculture Research and Education Program. UC SAREP on-line cover crop database (on-line resource).
• Wu Zheng-yi & P. H. Raven et al., eds. 1994–. Flora of China (English edition).

Synonyms:

• (=) Hordeum aegiceras Nees ex Royle
  (previously associated with 1 accession)
• (=) Hordeum agriocrithon A. E. Åberg
  (previously associated with 6 accessions)
• (=) Hordeum agriocrithon var. dawoense A. E. Åberg
  
• (=) Hordeum coeleste var. trifurcatum Schltdl.
  (previously associated with 1 accession)
• (=) Hordeum deficiens Steud. ex A. Braun
  (previously associated with 34 accessions)
• (=) Hordeum deficiens var. nudideficians (Körn.) H. V. Harlan
  
• (=) Hordeum deficiens var. steudelii (Körn.) H. V. Harlan
  (previously associated with 15 accessions)
• (=) Hordeum deficiens var. tridax (Körn.) H. V. Harlan
  
• (=) Hordeum distichon L.
  (previously associated with 30 accessions)
• (=) Hordeum distichon var. abyssinicum Ser.
  (previously associated with 11 accessions)
• (=) Hordeum distichon var. erectum Schübl.
  (previously associated with 14 accessions)
• (=) Hordeum distichon var. ianthinum Körn.
  (previously associated with 1 accession)
• (=) Hordeum distichon var. nigricans Ser.
  (previously associated with 14 accessions)
• (=) Hordeum distichon var. nudideficiens Körn.
  
• (=) Hordeum distichon var. nudum L.
  (previously associated with 38 accessions)
• (=) Hordeum distichon var. nutans Schübl.
  (previously associated with 40 accessions)
• (=) Hordeum distichon var. palmella H. V. Harlan
  (previously associated with 359 accessions)
• (=) Hordeum distichon var. persicum Körn.
  (previously associated with 1 accession)
• (=) Hordeum distichon var. tridax Körn.
  
• (=) Hordeum hexastichon L.
  (previously associated with 11 accessions)
• (=) Hordeum ×intermedium (Körn.) Carleton
  (previously associated with 2 accessions)
• (=) Hordeum ×intermedium var. cornutum (Schrad.) H. V. Harlan
  (previously associated with 2 accessions)
• (=) Hordeum ×intermedium var. haxtonii Körn.
  (previously associated with 7 accessions)
• (=) Hordeum ×intermedium var. mortonii Körn.
  (previously associated with 2 accessions)
• (=) Hordeum ×intermedium var. nudihaxtonii Körn.
  
• (=) Hordeum irregulare A. E. Åberg & Wiebe
  
• (=) Hordeum polystichon Haller f.
  
• (=) Hordeum polystichum var. trifurcatum (Schltdl.) Asch. & Graebn.
  (previously associated with 1 accession)
• (=) Hordeum pyramidatum R. E. Regel
  
• (=) Hordeum sativum Jess.
  
• (=) Hordeum tetrastichum Stokes
  (previously associated with 13 accessions)
• (=) "Hordeum tetrastichum var. aethiops ined.?"
  
• (=) Hordeum vulgare var. aethiops Körn.
  
• (=) Hordeum vulgare var. afghanicum Vavilov ex N. A. Ivanova
  
• (=) Hordeum vulgare var. coeleste L.
  (previously associated with 216 accessions)
• (=) Hordeum vulgare var. coerulescens Ser.
  (previously associated with 1 accession)
• (=) Hordeum vulgare var. cornutum Schrad.
  (previously associated with 1 accession)
• (=) Hordeum vulgare subsp. deficiens (Steud. ex A. Braun) Á. Löve
  
• (=) Hordeum vulgare var. deficiens (Steud. ex A. Braun) Körn.
  (previously associated with 2 accessions)
• (=) Hordeum vulgare var. distichon (L.) Hook. f.
  
• (=) Hordeum vulgare var. duplinigrum Körn.
  (previously associated with 3 accessions)
• (=) Hordeum vulgare var. himalayense (Schult.) Körn.
  (previously associated with 7 accessions)
• (=) Hordeum vulgare var. horsfordianum Wittm. ex H. V. Harlan
  (previously associated with 9 accessions)
• (=) Hordeum vulgare subsp. interjectum Flaksb.
  
• (≡) Hordeum vulgare subsp. intermedium Körn. (basionym)
  (previously associated with 3 accessions)
• (=) Hordeum vulgare var. leiorrhynchum Körn.
  (previously associated with 1 accession)
• (=) Hordeum vulgare var. nigricans (Ser.) Körn.
  (previously associated with 2 accessions)
• (=) Hordeum vulgare var. nigrum (Willd.) Peterm.
  (previously associated with 99 accessions)
• (=) Hordeum vulgare var. nudum Spenn.
  (previously associated with 6 accessions)
• (=) Hordeum vulgare var. pallidum Ser.
  (previously associated with 1167 accessions)
• (=) Hordeum vulgare var. rikotense R. E. Regel
  
• (=) Hordeum vulgare var. steudelii Körn.
  
• (=) Hordeum vulgare var. tetrastichon Čelak.
  
• (=) Hordeum vulgare var. trifurcatum (Schltdl.) Alef.
  (previously associated with 13 accessions)
• (=) "Hordeum vulgare var. violaceum Körn., nom. nud."
  (previously associated with 3 accessions)
• (≡) Hordeum vulgare var. vulgare
  
• (=) Hordeum zeocriton L.
  (previously associated with 2 accessions)

Check other web resources for Hordeum vulgare L. subsp. vulgare:

• Flora Europaea: Database of European Plants (ESFEDS)
• PLANTS: USDA-NRCS Database of Plants of the United States and its Territories
• Flora del Conosur: Catálogo de las Plantas Vasculares del Conosur
• Flora of China: Online version from Harvard University
• SIBIS: South African National Biodiversity Institute's (SANBI) Integrated Biodiversity System
• On-line Flora of Zimbabwe
• TROPICOS: Nomenclatural and Specimen Database of the Missouri Botanical Garden
• CNWG: Catalogue of New World Grasses Searchable Database
• Grass Manual on the Web: Manual of Grasses for North America North of Mexico
• Mansfeld: Mansfeld's World Database of Agricultural and Horticultural Crops

Images:

• GRIN Images of germplasm accessions.
• Caryopses: U.S. National Seed Herbarium image
• Caryopses: U.S. National Seed Herbarium image
• Caryopses: U.S. National Seed Herbarium image
• Florets and caryopses: Seed ID Workshop image, from Department of Horticulture and Crop Science, Ohio State University
• Typical spikes: National Small Grains Collection image

More:

• Images Note: Be advised that their identity may be inaccurate. Proper identification of a plant may require specialized taxonomic knowledge or comparison with properly documented herbarium material.

Abbreviations & symbols in GRIN Taxonomy

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