Taxon: Heteropogon contortus (L.) P. Beauv. ex Roem. & Schult.

A declared aquatic or terrestrial noxious weed and/or noxious-weed seed in these U.S. states (see state noxious weed lists), with links to state information or web documents:

CA*.

ªAquatic.

*Terrestrial.

°In seed.

Link to noxious weed information from

Common names:

• black spear grass   (Source: J. Veldkamp, p.c.) – English
  
• bunch spear grass   (Source: J. Veldkamp, p.c.) – English
  
• bunched spear grass   (Source: Aust Pl Common Names ) – English
  
• spear grass   (Source: Pl Res SEAs ) – English
  
• tangle grass   (Source: Dict Rehm ) – English
  
• tanglehead   (Source: Dict Rehm ) – English
  
• assegaaigras   (Source: Ecocrop ) – Afrikaans
  
• steekgras   (Source: Ecocrop ) – Afrikaans
  
• huang mao   (Source: F ChinaEng ) – Transcribed Chinese
  
• herbe à moutons   (Source: PROTABASE ) – French
  
• herbe barbue   (Source: PROTABASE ) – French
  
• herbe polisson   (Source: PROTABASE ) – French
  
• Speergras   (Source: Dict Rehm ) – German
  
• flechinha   (Source: PROTABASE ) – Portuguese
  
• hierba torcida   (Source: Dict Rehm ) – Spanish
  

Economic importance:

• Environmental: erosion control   (fide Grass VarUSA)
  
• Animal food: fodder   (fide Food Feed Crops US)
  
• Animal food: forage   (fide Food Feed Crops US)
  
• Weed   (fide Invaders Database)
  

More:

View ethnobotanical data from Duke's Phytochemical and Ethnobotanical Databases

Distributional range:

• AFRICA
  Macaronesia: Cape Verde
  Northern Africa: Algeria; Libya; Morocco; Tunisia
  Northeast Tropical Africa: Chad; Eritrea; Ethiopia; Somalia; Sudan
  East Tropical Africa: Kenya; Tanzania; Uganda
  West-Central Tropical Africa: Cameroon; Central African Republic; Congo; Gabon; Rwanda; Zaire
  West Tropical Africa: Benin; Cote D'Ivoire; Ghana; Guinea; Liberia; Mali; Mauritania; Niger; Nigeria; Senegal; Sierra Leone; Togo
  South Tropical Africa: Angola; Mozambique; Zambia; Zimbabwe
  Southern Africa: South Africa
• ASIA-TEMPERATE
  Western Asia: Lebanon; Syria
  China: China - Fujian, Gansu, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hainan, Henan, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangxi, Shaanxi, Sichuan, Xizang, Yunnan, Zhejiang
  Eastern Asia: Taiwan
• ASIA-TROPICAL
  Indian Subcontinent: India; Sri Lanka
  Indo-China: Myanmar
• AUSTRALASIA
  Australia: Australia - New South Wales, Northern Territory, Queensland, Western Australia
• EUROPE
  Southeastern Europe: Albania; Croatia; Italy; Montenegro
  Southwestern Europe: France; Spain

• NORTHERN AMERICA
  Southeastern U.S.A.: United States - Florida
  South-Central U.S.A.: United States - New Mexico, Texas
  Southwestern U.S.A.: United States - Arizona, California [s.]
  Northern Mexico: Mexico - Baja California, Chihuahua, Coahuila, Durango, Nuevo Leon, San Luis Potosi, Sonora, Tamaulipas
  Southern Mexico: Mexico - Aguascalientes, Chiapas, Colima, Federal District, Guanajuato, Guerrero, Jalisco, Mexico, Michoacan, Morelos, Nayarit, Oaxaca, Puebla, Queretaro, Tabasco, Veracruz, Yucatan
• PACIFIC
  North-Central Pacific: United States - Hawaii
• SOUTHERN AMERICA
  Caribbean: West Indies
  Mesoamerica: Belize; El Salvador; Guatemala; Honduras; Nicaragua
  Western South America: Bolivia
  Southern South America: Argentina

• also cultivated

References:

• PROTABASE, the information base of PROTA (Plant Resources of Tropical Africa) (on-line resource).
• 't Mannetje, L. & R. M. Jones, eds. 1992. Forages. In: Faridah Hanum, I. & L. J. G. van der Maesen, eds., Plant Resources of South-East Asia (PROSEA). 4:137.
• Alderson, J. & W. C. Sharp. 1995. Grass varieties in the United States, U.S.D.A. Agric. Handb. 170, rev. ed.
• Beetle, A. A. 1977. Noteworthy grasses from Mexico V. Phytologia 37:356.
• Bor, N. L. 1960. The grasses of Burma, Ceylon, India, and Pakistan.
• Dassanayake, M. D. & F. R. Fosberg, eds. 1980–. A revised handbook to the flora of Ceylon.
• Davidse, G. et al., eds. 1994. Flora mesoamericana.
• Englert, J. M. et al. 1999–. USDA-NRCS Improved conservation plant materials released by NRCS and cooperators.
• Euro+Med Editorial Committee. Euro+Med Plantbase: the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity (on-line resource).
• FNA Editorial Committee. 1993–. Flora of North America.
• Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO). 2010. Ecocrop (on-line resource).
• Hnatiuk, R. J. 1990. Census of Australian vascular plants. Australian Flora and Fauna Series No. 11.
• Integrated Botanical Information System (IBIS). Australian plant common name database (on-line resource).
• Lazarides, M. 1980. The tropical grasses of Southeast Asia.
• Markle, G. M. et al., eds. 1998. Food and feed crops of the United States, ed. 2.
• McVaugh, R. 1983–. Flora Novo-Galiciana.
• Nasir, E. & S. I. Ali, eds. 1970–. Flora of [West] Pakistan.
• Rehm, S. 1994. Multilingual dictionary of agronomic plants.
• Shukla, U. 1996. Grasses of north-eastern India.
• Turrill, W. B. et al., eds. 1952–. Flora of tropical East Africa.
• USDA/ARS. INVADERS database system. The University of Montana (on-line resource).
• Veldkamp, J. F. 1997. pers. comm. [re. common names].
• Vibrans, H., ed. Malezas de México (on-line resource).
• Wagner, W. L. et al. Flora of the Hawaiian Islands (on-line resource).
• Wu Zheng-yi & P. H. Raven et al., eds. 1994–. Flora of China (English edition).
• Zon, A. P. M. van der. 1992. Graminées du Cameroun.
• Zuloaga, F. O. & O. Morrone, eds. 1996. Catálogo de las plantas vasculares de la República Argentina. I. Pteridophyta, Gymnospermae y Angiospermae (Monocotyledonae), II. Dicotyledonae. Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 60, 74., 1999

More:

Search AGRICOLA article citation database for citations referencing Heteropogon contortus.

Search NCBI's Entrez search engine for PubMed citations referencing Heteropogon contortus.

Search Biodiversity Heritage Library for historical publications referencing Heteropogon contortus.

Synonyms:

• (≡) Andropogon contortus L. (basionym)
  
• (=) Heteropogon hirtus Pers.
  

Check other web resources for Heteropogon contortus (L.) P. Beauv. ex Roem. & Schult.:

• PLANTS: USDA-NRCS Database of Plants of the United States and its Territories
• BONAP: North American Plant Atlas of the Biota of North America Program
• Flora del Conosur: Catálogo de las Plantas Vasculares del Conosur
• Flora of China: Online version from Harvard University
• AVH: Australia's Virtual Herbarium
• SIBIS: South African National Biodiversity Institute's (SANBI) Integrated Biodiversity System
• On-line Flora of Zimbabwe
• TROPICOS: Nomenclatural and Specimen Database of the Missouri Botanical Garden
• CNWG: Catalogue of New World Grasses Searchable Database
• Grass Manual on the Web: Manual of Grasses for North America North of Mexico
• World Grass Species-Descriptions: Morphological species description from Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew
• AusGrass2: Australian grass data from Bryan K. Simon’s on-line database
• Mansfeld: Mansfeld's World Database of Agricultural and Horticultural Crops
• PROTABASE: Plant Resources of Tropical Africa's (PROTA's) online resource
• ePIC: Electronic Plant Information Centre of Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew
• AGRICOLA: Article Citation Database or NAL Catalog of USDA's National Agricultural Library
• Entrez: NCBI's search engine for PubMed citations, GenBank sequences, etc.

Images:

• GRIN Images of germplasm accessions.
• Spikelets and/or florets: U.S. National Seed Herbarium image

More:

• Check PlantSystematics.org for additional images
• Images Note: Be advised that their identity may be inaccurate. Proper identification of a plant may require specialized taxonomic knowledge or comparison with properly documented herbarium material.

Abbreviations & symbols in GRIN Taxonomy

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