Taxon: Festuca rubra L.

See also subordinate taxa:

• Festuca rubra subsp. arctica (19 accessions)
• Festuca rubra subsp. commutata (28 accessions)
• Festuca rubra subsp. densiuscula (2 accessions)
• Festuca rubra subsp. fallax (no accessions)
• Festuca rubra subsp. litoralis (no accessions)
• Festuca rubra subsp. pruinosa (no accessions)
• Festuca rubra subsp. rubra (14 accessions)
• Festuca rubra subsp. rubra var. planifolia (no accessions)

Common names:

• red fescue   (Source: BSBI )
  

More:

see MMPND for additional names in foreign scripts

Economic importance:

• Environmental: erosion control; lawn/turf   (fide Grass VarUSA)
  
• Vertebrate poisons: mammals   (fide Kingsbury, as F. rubra var. commutata)
  
• Weed: also potential seed contaminant   (fide Weed CIBA)
  

More:

View toxicology references for Festuca rubra from FDA Poisonous Plant Database

View ethnobotanical data from Moerman's Native American Ethnobotany Database

Distributional range:

Native: (links to other web resources are provided for some distributions)

• ASIA-TEMPERATE
  Western Asia: Iran; Turkey
  Caucasus: Azerbaijan; Russian Federation - Ciscaucasia, Dagestan
  Siberia: Russian Federation - Eastern Siberia, Western Siberia
  Middle Asia: Kazakhstan; Kyrgyzstan; Tajikistan
  Russian Far East: Russian Federation - Far East
  Mongolia: Mongolia
  China: China
  Eastern Asia: Japan; Korea
• EUROPE
  Northern Europe: Denmark; Finland; Iceland; Ireland; Norway; Sweden; United Kingdom
  Middle Europe: Austria; Belgium; Czechoslovakia; Germany; Hungary; Netherlands; Poland; Switzerland
  East Europe: Belarus; Estonia; Latvia; Lithuania; Moldova; Russian Federation - European part; Ukraine
  Southeastern Europe: Albania; Bulgaria; Former Yugoslavia; Greece; Italy; Romania
  Southwestern Europe: France; Portugal; Spain
• NORTHERN AMERICA
  Subarctic America: Canada - Northwest Territory, Yukon Territory; Greenland
  Eastern Canada: Canada - New Brunswick, Newfoundland, Nova Scotia, Ontario, Prince Edward Island, Quebec
  Western Canada: Canada - Alberta, British Columbia, Manitoba, Saskatchewan
  Northeastern U.S.A.: United States - Connecticut, Indiana, Maine, Massachusetts, Michigan, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Ohio, Pennsylvania, Vermont
  North-Central U.S.A.: United States - Illinois, Iowa, Minnesota, Nebraska, Wisconsin
  Northwestern U.S.A.: United States - Colorado, Idaho, Montana, Oregon, Washington, Wyoming
  Southeastern U.S.A.: United States - Delaware, Maryland, North Carolina, South Carolina, Tennessee, Virginia
  Southwestern U.S.A.: United States - Arizona, California, Nevada, Utah

Other:

• naturalized elsewhere

References:

• Aiken, S. G. et al. 1996–. Festuca of North America: descriptions, illustrations, identification, and information retrieval. (Festuca N Amer)
• Alderson, J. & W. C. Sharp. 1995. Grass varieties in the United States, U.S.D.A. Agric. Handb. 170, rev. ed. (Grass VarUSA)
• Alexeev, E. 1979. Genus Festuca L. in Asia Media. Novosti Sist. Vyssh. Rast. 15:44.
• Allan, H. H. B. et al. 1961–. Flora of New Zealand. (F NZeal)
• Botanical Society of the British Isles. 2007. BSBI checklist. (BSBI)
• CIBA-GEIGY, Basel, Switzerland. Documenta CIBA-GEIGY (Grass weeds 1. 1980, 2. 1981; Monocot weeds 3. 1982; Dicot weeds 1. 1988) (Weed CIBA)
• Cronquist, A. et al. 1972–. Intermountain flora. (Intermt F)
• Markle, G. M. et al., eds. 1998. Food and feed crops of the United States, ed. 2. (Food Feed Crops US)
• Porcher, M. H. et al. Searchable World Wide Web Multilingual Multiscript Plant Name Database (MMPND) - on-line resource. (Pl Names)
• Rehm, S. 1994. Multilingual dictionary of agronomic plants. (Dict Rehm)
• Sell, P. & G. Murrell. 1996–. Flora of Great Britain and Ireland. (F GB Ire)
• Tutin, T. G. et al., eds. 1964–1980. Flora europaea. (F Eur)
• Tzvelev, N. N. 1976. Zlaki SSSR. (Grass USSR)

More:

Search AGRICOLA article citation database for citations referencing Festuca rubra.

Search NCBI's Entrez search engine for PubMed citations referencing Festuca rubra. Note: Defaults to a search by genus or species epithet if species binomial not found.

Synonyms:

• Festuca bartherei Timb.-Lagr. [≡ Festuca rubra subsp. fallax]
  
• Festuca diffusa Dumort. [= Festuca rubra subsp. fallax]
  
• Festuca fallax Thuill. [≡ Festuca rubra subsp. fallax]
  
• Festuca glaucescens Hegetschw. & Heer [= Festuca rubra subsp. rubra]
  
• Festuca nigrescens Lam. [= Festuca rubra subsp. commutata]
  
• Festuca richardsonii Hook. [= Festuca rubra subsp. arctica]
  (previously associated with 20 accessions)
• Festuca rubra subsp. bartherei (Timb.-Lagr.) P. Fourn. [= Festuca rubra subsp. fallax]
  
• Festuca rubra subsp. fallax auct. [= Festuca rubra subsp. commutata]
  (previously associated with 51 accessions)
• Festuca rubra var. fallax (Thuill.) Hack. [≡ Festuca rubra subsp. fallax]
  
• Festuca rubra var. glaucescens Hack. [= Festuca rubra subsp. rubra]
  
• Festuca rubra subsp. glaucodea Piper [= Festuca rubra subsp. rubra]
  
• Festuca rubra var. grandiflora Hack. [= Festuca rubra subsp. fallax]
  
• Festuca rubra var. lanuginosa Mert. & W. D. J. Koch [= Festuca rubra subsp. rubra]
  (previously associated with 1 accession)
• Festuca rubra var. litoralis G. Mey. [≡ Festuca rubra subsp. litoralis]
  
• Festuca rubra var. littoralis Vasey ex Beal [= Festuca rubra subsp. densiuscula]
  (previously associated with 2 accessions)
• Festuca rubra var. pruinosa Hack. [≡ Festuca rubra subsp. pruinosa]
  
• Festuca rubra subsp. richardsonii (Hook.) Hultén [= Festuca rubra subsp. arctica]
  
• Festuca rubra subsp. vulgaris (Gaudin) Hayek [= Festuca rubra subsp. rubra]
  

Check other databases for Festuca rubra L.:

• Flora Europaea: Database of European Plants (ESFEDS)
• PLANTS: USDA-NRCS Database of Plants of the United States and its Territories
• TROPICOS: Nomenclatural and Specimen Database of the Missouri Botanical Garden
• CNWG: Catalogue of New World Grasses Searchable Database
• Grass Manual on the Web: Manual of Grasses for North America North of Mexico
• World Grass Species-Descriptions: Morphological species description from Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew
• Mansfeld: Mansfeld's World Database of Agricultural and Horticultural Crops
• ePIC: Electronic Plant Information Centre of Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew
• AGRICOLA: Article Citation Database or NAL Catalog of USDA's National Agricultural Library
• Entrez: NCBI's search engine for PubMed citations, GenBank sequences, etc.
  Note: Defaults to a search by genus or species epithet if species binomial not found.

Images:

• GRIN Images of germplasm accessions.
• Florets: U.S. National Seed Herbarium image

More:

• Check PlantSystematics.org for additional images
• Images Note: Be advised that their identity may be inaccurate. Proper identification of a plant may require specialized taxonomic knowledge or comparison with properly documented herbarium material.

Abbreviations & symbols in GRIN Taxonomy

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