Taxon: Euphorbia helioscopia L.

Common names:

• sun spurge   (Source: Radcliffe-Smith,p.c.) – English
  
• wolf's-milk   (Source: Zander Ency ) – English
  
• euphorbe réveil-matin   (Source: L Noms French ed7 ) – French
  
• Sonnwend-Wolfsmilch   (Source: Zander Ency ) – German
  
• tōdaigusa   (Source: F JapanOhwi ) – Japanese Rōmaji
  
• leiteira-do-sol   (Source: D. Groth, p.c. 2005) – Portuguese (Brazil)
  
• maleteira   (Source: D. Groth, p.c. 2005) – Portuguese (Brazil)
  
• lecherina   (Source: R. Riina, p.c.) – Spanish
  
• lechetrezna común   (Source: R. Riina, p.c.) – Spanish
  
• lechocino   (Source: R. Riina, p.c.) – Spanish
  
• revormstörel   (Source: Vara kulturvaxt namn ) – Swedish
  

Economic importance:

• Vertebrate poisons: mammals   (fide Kingsbury; Cooper & Johnson ed2)
  
• Weed: potential seed contaminant   (fide Geigy Weed Tables. 1968)
  

More:

View toxicology references for Euphorbia helioscopia from FDA Poisonous Plant Database

View ethnobotanical data from Duke's Phytochemical and Ethnobotanical Databases

Distributional range:

• AFRICA
  Macaronesia: Portugal - Madeira Islands; Spain - Canary Islands
  Northern Africa: Algeria; Egypt; Libya; Morocco; Tunisia
• ASIA-TEMPERATE
  Arabian Peninsula: Arabia
  Western Asia: Cyprus; Iran; Iraq; Israel; Jordan; Lebanon; Syria; Turkey
  Caucasus: Armenia; Azerbaijan; Georgia; Russian Federation - Ciscaucasia, Dagestan
  Middle Asia: Tajikistan; Turkmenistan; Uzbekistan
  China: China - Anhui, Gansu, Guangdong, Guizhou, Hubei, Jiangsu, Ningxia, Shaanxi, Sichuan, Yunnan
  Eastern Asia: Japan - Honshu, Kyushu, Shikoku; Korea; Taiwan
• ASIA-TROPICAL
  Indian Subcontinent: India - Bihar, Haryana, Himachal Pradesh, Jammu and Kashmir [n.], Punjab, Tamil Nadu, Uttar Pradesh; Pakistan [w.]
  Indo-China: Vietnam
• EUROPE
  Northern Europe: Denmark; Finland; Ireland; Norway; Sweden; United Kingdom
  Middle Europe: Austria; Belgium; Czechoslovakia; Germany; Hungary; Netherlands; Poland; Switzerland
  East Europe: Belarus; Estonia; Latvia; Lithuania; Moldova; Russian Federation - European part; Ukraine [incl. Krym]
  Southeastern Europe: Albania; Bulgaria; Former Yugoslavia; Greece [incl. Crete]; Italy [incl. Sardinia, Sicily]; Romania
  Southwestern Europe: France [incl. Corsica]; Portugal; Spain [incl. Baleares]

• naturalized elsewhere

References:

• Aldén, B., S. Ryman & M. Hjertson. 2009. Våra kulturväxters namn - ursprung och användning. Formas, Stockholm (Handbook on Swedish cultivated and utility plants, their names and origin).
• Balakrishnan, N. P. & T. Chakrabarty. 2007. The family Euphorbiaceae in India; a synopsis of its profile, taxonomy and bibliography.
• CIBA-GEIGY, Basel, Switzerland. 1974. The CIBA-GEIGY Weed Tables.
• Cooper, M. R. & A. W. Johnson. 1998. Poisonous plants and fungi in Britain: animal and human poisoning. [poisonous].
• Demilly, D. et al. 2001. Liste alphabétique des principales espèces de plantes cultivées et de mauvaises herbes. Noms latins et noms français, ed. 7.
• Erhardt, W. et al. 2008. Der große Zander: Enzyklopädie der Pflanzennamen.
• Govaerts, R. et al. 2000. World checklist and bibliography of Euphorbiaceae.
• Greuter, W. et al., eds. 1984–. Med-Checklist.
• Groth, D. 2005. pers. comm. [re. Brazilian common names].
• Izquierdo Z., I. et al., eds. 2004. Lista de especies silvestres de Canarias: hongos, plantas y animales terrestres.
• Kingsbury, J. M. 1964. Poisonous plants of the United States and Canada. [poisonous].
• Komarov, V. L. et al., eds. 1934–1964. Flora SSSR.
• Munro, D. B. Canadian poisonous plants information system (on-line resource).
• Ohwi, J. 1965. Flora of Japan (Engl. ed.).
• Oudejans, R. C. H. M. 1990. World catalogue of species names published in the tribe Euphorbieae (Euphorbiaceae) with their geographical distribution.
• Radcliffe-Smith, A. 1998. pers. comm. [re. common names].
• Riina, R. 2011. Review of Euphorbiaceae data for World Economic Plants, ed. 2. pers. comm. via e–mail on 11 Jan.
• Silva, L. et al. 2005. Listagem da fauna e flora terrestres dos Açores. Lista des plantas vasculares (Pteridophyta e Spermatophyta).
• Townsend, C. C. & E. Guest. 1966–. Flora of Iraq.
• Tutin, T. G. et al., eds. 1964–1980. Flora europaea.

More:

Search AGRICOLA article citation database for citations referencing Euphorbia helioscopia.

Search NCBI's Entrez search engine for PubMed citations referencing Euphorbia helioscopia.

Search Biodiversity Heritage Library for historical publications referencing Euphorbia helioscopia.

Check other web resources for Euphorbia helioscopia L.:

• Flora Europaea: Database of European Plants (ESFEDS)
• TROPICOS: Nomenclatural and Specimen Database of the Missouri Botanical Garden
• ePIC: Electronic Plant Information Centre of Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew
• AGRICOLA: Article Citation Database or NAL Catalog of USDA's National Agricultural Library
• Entrez: NCBI's search engine for PubMed citations, GenBank sequences, etc.

Images:

• Seed: U.S. National Seed Herbarium image

More:

• Check PlantSystematics.org for additional images
• Images Note: Be advised that their identity may be inaccurate. Proper identification of a plant may require specialized taxonomic knowledge or comparison with properly documented herbarium material.

Abbreviations & symbols in GRIN Taxonomy

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