Taxon: Euphorbia esula L.

A declared aquatic or terrestrial noxious weed and/or noxious-weed seed in these U.S. states (see state noxious weed lists), with links to state information or web documents:

AK*°, AZ*°, CA*°, CO*°, CT*, HI*°, IA*°, ID*°, IL°, KS*°, MA*, MI*°, MN*°, MO°, MT*°, ND*°, NE*°, NM*, NV*°, NY°, OH°, OR*°, SD*°, UT*°, WA*°, WI*°, WY*°.

ªAquatic.

*Terrestrial.

°In seed.

Link to noxious weed information from

See also subordinate taxa:

• Euphorbia esula subsp. esula (no accessions)
• Euphorbia esula nothosubsp. pseudovirgata (no accessions)
• Euphorbia esula subsp. tommasiniana (no accessions)

Common names:

• leafy spurge   (Source: Euphorb PBI ) – English
  
• leafy spurge   (Source: Zander Ency ) – English   [Euphorbia esula subsp. esula]
  
• wolf's-milk   (Source: Zander Ency ) – English
  
• wolf's-milk   (Source: Zander Ency ) – English   [Euphorbia esula subsp. esula]
  
• Esels-Wolfsmilch   (Source: Zander Ency ) – German
  
• Esels-Wolfsmilch   (Source: Zander Ency ) – German   [Euphorbia esula subsp. esula]
  
• Ruten-Wolfsmilch   (Source: Zander Ency ) – German
  
• Ruten-Wolfsmilch   (Source: Zander Ency ) – German   [Euphorbia esula subsp. tommasiniana]
  
• Schein-Ruten-Wolfsmilch   (Source: Zander Ency ) – German   [Euphorbia esula nothosubsp. pseudovirgata]
  
• leiteira-folhosa   (Source: D. Groth, p.c. 2005) – Portuguese (Brazil)
  
• vargtörel   (Source: Vara kulturvaxt namn ) – Swedish
  

Economic importance:

• View ethnobotanical data from Duke's Phytochemical and Ethnobotanical Databases

Distributional range:

• AFRICA
  Macaronesia: Portugal - Azores
• ASIA-TEMPERATE
  Western Asia: Afghanistan; Iran; Iraq; Lebanon; Syria; Turkey
  Caucasus: Armenia; Azerbaijan; Georgia; Russian Federation - Ciscaucasia, Dagestan
  Siberia: Russian Federation - Altay, Buryatia, Irkutsk, Krasnoyarsk, Western Siberia
  Middle Asia: Kazakhstan; Kyrgyzstan; Tajikistan; Turkmenistan; Uzbekistan
  Mongolia: Mongolia
  Russian Far East: Russian Federation - Amur
  China: China
  Eastern Asia: Korea
• ASIA-TROPICAL
  Indian Subcontinent: Pakistan [n.]
• EUROPE
  Northern Europe: Finland
  Middle Europe: Austria; Belgium; Czech Republic; Germany; Hungary; Netherlands; Poland; Switzerland
  East Europe: Belarus; Estonia; Latvia; Lithuania; Moldova; Russian Federation - European part; Ukraine [incl. Krym]
  Southeastern Europe: Bulgaria; Former Yugoslavia; Italy; Romania
  Southwestern Europe: France [incl. Corsica]; Portugal; Spain

• EUROPE
  Northern Europe: Denmark; Norway; United Kingdom
• NORTHERN AMERICA
  Eastern Canada: Canada - Ontario
  Western Canada: Canada - Alberta
  Northeastern U.S.A.: United States - Indiana, Michigan, New York
  North-Central U.S.A.: United States - North Dakota
  Mexico
• PACIFIC
  North-Central Pacific: United States - Hawaii

References:

• Aldén, B., S. Ryman & M. Hjertson. 2009. Våra kulturväxters namn - ursprung och användning. Formas, Stockholm (Handbook on Swedish cultivated and utility plants, their names and origin).
• Castroviejo, S. et al., eds. 1989–. Flora iberica: plantas vasculares de la Peninsula Iberica e Islas Baleares.
• Chinese Academy of Sciences. 1959–. Flora reipublicae popularis sinicae.
• Crompton, C. W. et al. 1990. Morphometric studies of the Euphorbia esula group in North America. Canad. J. Bot. 68:1978–1988.
• Encke, F. et al. 1993. Zander: Handwörterbuch der Pflanzennamen, 14. Auflage.
• Erhardt, W. et al. 2008. Der große Zander: Enzyklopädie der Pflanzennamen.
• Geltman, D. V. 1998. Taxonomic notes on Euphorbia esula (Euphorbiaceae) with special reference to its occurrence in the east part of the Baltic region. Ann. Bot. Fenn. 35:116.
• Govaerts, R. et al. 2000. World checklist and bibliography of Euphorbiaceae.
• Greuter, W. et al., eds. 1984–. Med-Checklist. [= aggr.].
• Groth, D. 2005. pers. comm. [re. Brazilian common names].
• Komarov, V. L. et al., eds. 1934–1964. Flora SSSR.
• Munro, D. B. Canadian poisonous plants information system (on-line resource).
• Riina, R. & P. E. Berry, coord. Euphorbia Planetary Biodiversity Inventory (on-line resource).
• Tutin, T. G. et al., eds. 1964–1980. Flora europaea.
• Walters, S. M. et al., eds. 1986–. European garden flora.

More:

Search AGRICOLA article citation database for citations referencing Euphorbia esula.

Search NCBI's Entrez search engine for PubMed citations referencing Euphorbia esula.

Search Biodiversity Heritage Library for historical publications referencing Euphorbia esula.

Synonyms:

• Euphorbia ×pseudovirgata (Schur) Soó [≡ Euphorbia esula nothosubsp. pseudovirgata]
  
• Euphorbia tommasiniana Bertol. [≡ Euphorbia esula subsp. tommasiniana]
  
• Euphorbia virgata var. pseudovirgata Schur [≡ Euphorbia esula nothosubsp. pseudovirgata]
  

Check other web resources for Euphorbia esula L.:

• Flora Europaea: Database of European Plants (ESFEDS)
• PLANTS: USDA-NRCS Database of Plants of the United States and its Territories
• BONAP: North American Plant Atlas of the Biota of North America Program
• TROPICOS: Nomenclatural and Specimen Database of the Missouri Botanical Garden
• ePIC: Electronic Plant Information Centre of Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew
• AGRICOLA: Article Citation Database or NAL Catalog of USDA's National Agricultural Library
• Entrez: NCBI's search engine for PubMed citations, GenBank sequences, etc.

Images:

• Forestry Images: Images of invasive weeds from www.forestryimages.org
• Seeds or fruits: Seed ID Workshop image, from Department of Horticulture and Crop Science, Ohio State University

More:

• Check PlantSystematics.org for additional images
• Images Note: Be advised that their identity may be inaccurate. Proper identification of a plant may require specialized taxonomic knowledge or comparison with properly documented herbarium material.

Abbreviations & symbols in GRIN Taxonomy

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