Taxon: Euonymus atropurpureus Jacq.

Common names:

• bitter-ash   (Source: Zander ed17 ) – English
  
• burningbush   (Source: Hortus 3 ) – English
  
• eastern wahoo   (Source: Names Beetle ) – English
  
• wahoo   (Source: Glea Cron ed2 ) – English
  
• Purpur-Spindelstrauch   (Source: Zander ed17 ) – German
  

Economic importance:

• Environmental: ornamental   (fide Dict Gard)
  
• Medicines: folklore   (fide CRC MedHerbs ed2; Herbs Commerce ed2)
  
• Vertebrate poisons: mammals   (fide Kingsbury; Lampe & McCann)
  

More:

View toxicology references for Euonymus atropurpureus from FDA Poisonous Plant Database

View phytochemical or ethnobotanical data from Duke's Phytochemical and Ethnobotanical Databases

View ethnobotanical data from Moerman's Native American Ethnobotany Database

Distributional range:

• NORTHERN AMERICA (Check conservation status in U.S. & Canada in NatureServe Explorer database)
  Eastern Canada: Canada - Ontario [s.]
  Northeastern U.S.A.: United States - Connecticut, Indiana, Massachusetts, Michigan [s.], New Hampshire, New Jersey, Ohio, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, West Virginia
  North-Central U.S.A.: United States - Illinois, Iowa, Kansas [e.], Minnesota [s.], Missouri, Nebraska [e.], North Dakota [s.e.], Oklahoma, South Dakota [e.], Wisconsin
  Southeastern U.S.A.: United States - Alabama [n. & c.], Arkansas, Delaware, Florida [Gadsden Co.], Georgia, Kentucky, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, South Carolina, Tennessee, Virginia
  South-Central U.S.A.: United States - Texas

• also cultivated

References:

• Beetle, A. A. 1970. Recommended plant names. Univ. Wyoming Agr. Exp. Sta. Res. J. 31.
• Blakelock, R. A. 1951. A synopsis of the genus Euonymus L. Kew Bull. 1951:245.
• Browne, E. T. & R. Athey. 1992. Vascular plants of Kentucky: an annotated checklist.
• Correll, D. S. & M. C. Johnston. 1970. Manual of the vascular plants of Texas.
• Deam, C. C. 1940. Flora of Indiana.
• Duke, J. A. et al. 2002. CRC Handbook of medicinal herbs.
• Duncan, W. H. & J. T. Kartesz. 1981. Vascular flora of Georgia: an annotated checklist.
• Eilers, L. J. & D. M. Roosa. 1994. The vascular plants of Iowa.
• Encke, F. et al. 1984. Zander: Handwörterbuch der Pflanzennamen, 13. Auflage.
• Erhardt, W. et al. 2002. Zander: Handwörterbuch der Pflanzennamen, 17. Auflage.
• Gleason, H. A. & A. Cronquist. 1991. Manual of vascular plants of northeastern United States and adjacent Canada, ed. 2.
• Huxley, A., ed. 1992. The new Royal Horticultural Society dictionary of gardening.
• Jones, G. N. & G. D. Fuller. 1955. Vascular plants of Illinois.
• Kingsbury, J. M. 1964. Poisonous plants of the United States and Canada. [poisonous].
• Krüssmann, G. 1984. Manual of cultivated broad-leaved trees and shrubs (English translation of Handbuch der Laubgehölze. 1976).
• Lampe, K. F. & M. A. McCann. 1985. AMA handbook of poisonous and injurious plants. [poisonous].
• Liberty Hyde Bailey Hortorium. 1976. Hortus third.
• Little, E. L., Jr. 1979. Checklist of United States trees, Agric. Handb. 541.
• McGregor, R. L. et al. (The Great Plains Flora Association). 1986. Flora of the Great Plains.
• McGuffin, M., J. T. Kartesz, A. Y. Leung, & A. O. Tucker. 2000. Herbs of commerce, ed. 2.
• Munro, D. B. Canadian poisonous plants information system (on-line resource).
• Ohio Flora Committee (E. L. Braun, T. S. Cooperrider, T. R. Fisher, J. J. Furlow). 1967–. The vascular flora of Ohio.
• Ownbey, G. B. & T. Morley. 1991. Vascular plants of Minnesota: a checklist and atlas.
• Radford, A. E. et al. 1964. Manual of the vascular flora of the Carolinas.
• Rehder, A. 1949. Bibliography of cultivated trees and shrubs.
• Smith, E. B. 1978. An atlas and annotated list of the vascular plants of Arkansas.
• Steyermark, J. A. 1977. Flora of Missouri.
• Strausbaugh, T. D. & E. L. Core. 1978. Flora of West Virginia, ed. 2.
• Wherry, E. T. et al. 1979. Atlas of the flora of Pennsylvania.

More:

Search AGRICOLA article citation database for citations referencing Euonymus atropurpureus.

Search NCBI's Entrez search engine for PubMed citations referencing Euonymus atropurpureus.

Search Biodiversity Heritage Library for historical publications referencing Euonymus atropurpureus.

Check other web resources for Euonymus atropurpureus Jacq.:

• PLANTS: USDA-NRCS Database of Plants of the United States and its Territories
• BONAP: North American Plant Atlas of the Biota of North America Program
• TROPICOS: Nomenclatural and Specimen Database of the Missouri Botanical Garden
• Mansfeld: Mansfeld's World Database of Agricultural and Horticultural Crops
• ICRA: International Cultivar Registration Authority (on-line resource). for Euonymus atropurpureus cultivars
• ePIC: Electronic Plant Information Centre of Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew
• AGRICOLA: Article Citation Database or NAL Catalog of USDA's National Agricultural Library
• Entrez: NCBI's search engine for PubMed citations, GenBank sequences, etc.

Images:

• GRIN Images of germplasm accessions.

More:

• Check PlantSystematics.org for additional images
• Images Note: Be advised that their identity may be inaccurate. Proper identification of a plant may require specialized taxonomic knowledge or comparison with properly documented herbarium material.

Abbreviations & symbols in GRIN Taxonomy

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