Taxon: Eleusine indica (L.) Gaertn.

A declared aquatic or terrestrial noxious weed and/or noxious-weed seed in these U.S. states (see state noxious weed lists), with links to state information or web documents:

PR*.

ªAquatic.

*Terrestrial.

°In seed.

Link to noxious weed information from

Common names:

• crabgrass   (Source: J. Veldkamp, p.c.) – English
  
• crowfoot grass   (Source: J. Veldkamp, p.c.) – English
  
• goose grass   (Source: World Econ Pl ) – English
  
• wire grass   (Source: Atlas WWeed ) – English
  
• yard grass   (Source: Dict Rehm ) – English
  
• nageil   (Source: F Egypt ) – Arabic
  
• eleusine d'Inde   (Source: F NAmer ) – French
  
• eleusine des Indes   (Source: F NAmer ) – French
  
• pied de poule   (Source: Dict Rehm ) – French
  
• capim-da-cidade   (Source: D. Groth, p.c. 2005) – Portuguese (Brazil)
  
• capim-de-burro   (Source: D. Groth, p.c. 2005) – Portuguese (Brazil)
  
• capim-pé-de-galinha   (Source: D. Groth, p.c. 2005) – Portuguese (Brazil)
  
• grama-de-coradouro   (Source: D. Groth, p.c. 2005) – Portuguese (Brazil)
  
• grama-sapo   (Source: D. Groth, p.c. 2005) – Portuguese (Brazil)
  
• grama de caballo   (Source: Dict Rehm ) – Spanish
  
• gåshirs   (Source: Vara kulturvaxt namn ) – Swedish
  

More:

see MMPND for additional names in foreign scripts

Economic importance:

• Vertebrate poisons: mammals   (fide Econ Pl Aust)
  
• Weed: potential seed contaminant   (fide Weed CIBA)
  

More:

View toxicology references for Eleusine indica from FDA Poisonous Plant Database

View ethnobotanical data from Duke's Phytochemical and Ethnobotanical Databases

Distributional range:

• AFRICA
  Northern Africa: Egypt
  Northeast Tropical Africa: Ethiopia; Sudan [s.]
  East Tropical Africa: Kenya; Tanzania; Uganda
  West-Central Tropical Africa: Burundi; Cameroon; Congo; Equatorial Guinea; Rwanda; Zaire
  West Tropical Africa: Benin; Burkina Faso; Cote D'Ivoire; Gambia; Ghana; Guinea; Guinea-Bissau; Liberia; Nigeria; Senegal; Sierra Leone; Togo
  South Tropical Africa: Angola; Malawi; Mozambique; Zambia; Zimbabwe
  Southern Africa: Botswana; Namibia; South Africa - Eastern Cape, KwaZulu-Natal; Swaziland
  Western Indian Ocean: Madagascar
• ASIA-TEMPERATE
  Arabian Peninsula: Oman; Yemen
  China: China
  Eastern Asia: Japan; Korea; Taiwan
• ASIA-TROPICAL
  Indian Subcontinent: Bhutan; India; Nepal; Pakistan
  North Indian Ocean: India - Andaman and Nicobar
  Indo-China: Indochina; Myanmar

• AFRICA
  Macaronesia: Portugal - Azores, Madeira Islands; Spain - Canary Islands
  Northern Africa: Algeria; Libya; Morocco
  Western Indian Ocean: Mauritius; Seychelles
• ASIA-TEMPERATE
  Western Asia: Egypt - Sinai; Iran; Turkey
  Caucasus: Armenia; Azerbaijan; Georgia
• ASIA-TROPICAL
  Malesia: Indonesia; Malaysia; Papua New Guinea; Philippines
• AUSTRALASIA
  Australia: Australia
  New Zealand: New Zealand
• EUROPE
  Middle Europe: Austria; Czech Republic; Germany; Hungary; Netherlands; Switzerland
  East Europe: Ukraine
  Southeastern Europe: Albania; Bulgaria; Croatia; Greece [incl. Crete]; Italy [incl. Sardinia, Sicily]; Romania; Serbia; Slovenia
  Southwestern Europe: France [incl. Corsica]; Portugal; Spain
• NORTHERN AMERICA
  Mexico
  United States
• PACIFIC
  North-Central Pacific: United States - Hawaii
  Northwestern Pacific: Guam; Marshall Islands; Micronesia; Northern Mariana Islands; Palau
  South-Central Pacific: Cook Islands; French Polynesia; Pitcairn
  Southwestern Pacific: American Samoa; Fiji; Nauru; New Caledonia; Niue; Samoa; Tonga; Wallis and Futuna Islands
• SOUTHERN AMERICA
  Caribbean: Anguilla; Antigua and Barbuda; Bahamas; Barbados; Cayman Islands; Cuba; Dominica; Grenada; Guadeloupe; Jamaica; Martinique; Montserrat; Netherlands Antilles; Puerto Rico; St. Kitts and Nevis; St. Lucia; St. Vincent and Grenadines; Virgin Islands (British); Virgin Islands (U.S.)
  Mesoamerica: Belize; Costa Rica; El Salvador; Guatemala; Honduras; Nicaragua; Panama
  Northern South America: French Guiana; Guyana; Suriname; Venezuela
  Brazil: Brazil
  Western South America: Bolivia; Colombia; Ecuador; Peru
  Southern South America: Argentina; Chile - Easter Island; Paraguay; Uruguay

• EUROPE
  Northern Europe: Norway
  Middle Europe: Belgium

• exact native range in paleotropics obscure

References:

• Acevedo-Rodríguez, P. et al. 1996. Flora of St. John, U.S. Virgin Islands. Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 78:1-581.
• Adams, C. 1972. Flowering plants of Jamaica.
• Aldén, B., S. Ryman & M. Hjertson. 2009. Våra kulturväxters namn - ursprung och användning. Formas, Stockholm (Handbook on Swedish cultivated and utility plants, their names and origin).
• Allan, H. H. B. et al. 1961–. Flora of New Zealand.
• Bor, N. L. 1960. The grasses of Burma, Ceylon, India, and Pakistan.
• Boulos, L. & M. N. El-Hadidi. 1984. The weeds of Egypt.
• Boulos, L. 1999–. Flora of Egypt.
• Brako, L. & J. L. Zarucchi. 1993. Catalogue of the flowering plants and gymnosperms of Peru. Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 45.
• CIBA-GEIGY, Basel, Switzerland. Documenta CIBA-GEIGY (Grass weeds 1. 1980, 2. 1981; Monocot weeds 3. 1982; Dicot weeds 1. 1988)
• Correll, D. S. & H. B. Correll. 1982. Flora of the Bahama archipelago.
• Davidse, G. et al., eds. 1994. Flora mesoamericana.
• Dyer, R. A. et al., eds. 1963–. Flora of southern Africa.
• Euro+Med Editorial Committee. Euro+Med Plantbase: the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity (on-line resource).
• Exell, A. W. et al., eds. 1960–. Flora zambesiaca.
• FNA Editorial Committee. 1993–. Flora of North America.
• Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO). 2010. Ecocrop (on-line resource).
• Forzza, R. C. et al., coord. Lista de espécies da flora do Brasil (on-line resource).
• Germishuizen, G. & N. L. Meyer, eds. 2003. Plants of southern Africa: an annotated checklist. Strelitzia 14.
• Ghazanfar, S. A. 1992. An annotated catalogue of the vascular plants of Oman. Scripta Botanica Belgica 2.
• Gibbs-Russell, G. E. et al. 1990. Grasses of southern Africa. Mem. Bot. Surv. S. Africa vol. 58. [= E. indica subsp. indica].
• Görts-van Rijn, A. R. A., ed. 1986–. Flora of the Guianas.
• Grierson, A. J. C. & D. J. Long. 1984–. Flora of Bhutan including a record of plants from Sikkim.
• Groth, D. 2005. pers. comm. [re. Brazilian common names].
• Hara, H. et al. 1978–1982. An enumeration of the flowering plants of Nepal.
• Hedberg, I. & S. Edwards. 1989–. Flora of Ethiopia. (and Eritrea. 2000)
• Hilu, K. W. & J. M. J. de Wet. 1976. Domestication of Eleusine coracana. Econ. Bot. 30:199–208.
• Holm, L. et al. 1979. A geographical atlas of world weeds.
• Howard, R. 1974–1989. Flora of the lesser Antilles.
• Institute of Pacific Islands Forestry. Pacific Island Ecosystems at Risk (PIER): plant threats to Pacific ecosystems (on-line resource).
• Instituto de Botánica Darwinion. 2008. Flora del Conosur. Catálogo de las plantas vasculares.
• Jørgensen, P. M. & S. León-Yánez, eds. 1999. Catalogue of the vascular plants of Ecuador. Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 75.
• Koyama, T. 1987. Grasses of Japan and its neighboring regions.
• Lazarides, M. & B. Hince. 1993. CSIRO Handbook of Economic Plants of Australia.
• Lazarides, M. 1980. The tropical grasses of Southeast Asia.
• León (J. S. Sauget) & Alain (E. E. Liogier). 1946–1962. Flora de Cuba.; suppl. 1969
• Liogier, H. A. & L. F. Martorell. 2000. Flora of Puerto Rico and adjacent islands: a systematic synopsis, ed. 2.
• Nasir, E. & S. I. Ali, eds. 1970–. Flora of [West] Pakistan.
• Office de la Recherche Scientifique et Technique Outre-mer. 1969. Graminees des paturages et des cultures a Madagascar.
• Porcher, M. H. et al. Searchable World Wide Web Multilingual Multiscript Plant Name Database (MMPND) (on-line resource).
• Proctor, G. R. 1984. Flora of the Cayman Islands. Kew Bulletin Additional Series XI.
• Rechinger, K. H., ed. 1963–. Flora iranica.
• Rehm, S. 1994. Multilingual dictionary of agronomic plants.
• Releford, J. S. et al. 2009. Flora of Rongelap and Ailinginae Atolls, Republic of the Marshalls Islands. Atoll Res. Bull. 572:1–13.
• Renvoize, S. A. 1998. Gramineas de Bolivia.
• Shukla, U. 1996. Grasses of north-eastern India.
• Smith, A. C. 1979–1991. Flora vitiensis nova.
• Steyermark, J. A. et al., eds. 1995–. Flora of the Venezuelan Guayana.
• Turrill, W. B. et al., eds. 1952–. Flora of tropical East Africa.
• Veldkamp, J. F. 1997. pers. comm. [re. common names].
• Vibrans, H., ed. Malezas de México (on-line resource).
• Wagner, W. L. et al. 1990. Manual of the flowering plants of Hawai'i.
• Wood, J. R. I. 1997. A handbook of the flora of Yemen.
• Wu Zheng-yi & P. H. Raven et al., eds. 1994–. Flora of China (English edition).

More:

Search AGRICOLA article citation database for citations referencing Eleusine indica.

Search NCBI's Entrez search engine for PubMed citations referencing Eleusine indica.

Search Biodiversity Heritage Library for historical publications referencing Eleusine indica.

Synonyms:

• (≡) Cynosurus indicus L. (basionym)
  
• (=) Eleusine japonica Steud.
  

Check other web resources for Eleusine indica (L.) Gaertn.:

• PLANTS: USDA-NRCS Database of Plants of the United States and its Territories
• BONAP: North American Plant Atlas of the Biota of North America Program
• Flora del Conosur: Catálogo de las Plantas Vasculares del Conosur
• Flora of China: Online version from Harvard University
• AVH: Australia's Virtual Herbarium
• SIBIS: South African National Biodiversity Institute's (SANBI) Integrated Biodiversity System
• On-line Flora of Zimbabwe
• TROPICOS: Nomenclatural and Specimen Database of the Missouri Botanical Garden
• CNWG: Catalogue of New World Grasses Searchable Database
• Grass Manual on the Web: Manual of Grasses for North America North of Mexico
• World Grass Species-Descriptions: Morphological species description from Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew
• AusGrass2: Australian grass data from Bryan K. Simon’s on-line database
• ePIC: Electronic Plant Information Centre of Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew
• AGRICOLA: Article Citation Database or NAL Catalog of USDA's National Agricultural Library
• Entrez: NCBI's search engine for PubMed citations, GenBank sequences, etc.

Images:

• Forestry Images: from www.forestryimages.org
• Spikelets and/or florets: U.S. National Seed Herbarium image
• Spikelets and/or florets: Seed ID Workshop image, from Department of Horticulture and Crop Science, Ohio State University

More:

• Check PlantSystematics.org for additional images
• Images Note: Be advised that their identity may be inaccurate. Proper identification of a plant may require specialized taxonomic knowledge or comparison with properly documented herbarium material.

Abbreviations & symbols in GRIN Taxonomy

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