Taxon: Echium vulgare L.

A declared aquatic or terrestrial noxious weed and/or noxious-weed seed in these U.S. states (see state noxious weed lists), with links to state information or web documents:

MT°, WA*, WY°.

ªAquatic.

*Terrestrial.

°In seed.

Link to noxious weed information from

Common names:

• blue echium   (Source: Weeds SAfr 2001 ) – English
  
• blue thistle   (Source: Aust Pl Common Names ) – English
  
• blue-devil   (Source: Hortus 3 ) – English
  
• blueweed   (Source: Noxweed Aust ) – English
  
• viper's-bugloss   (Source: World Econ Pl ) – English
  
• blou-echium   (Source: Weeds SAfr 2001 ) – Afrikaans
  
• lan ji   (Source: Pulmonaria ) – Transcribed Chinese
  
• gewöhnlicher Natternkopf   (Source: Pulmonaria ) – German
  
• borrago   (Source: D. Groth, p.c. 2005) – Portuguese (Brazil)
  
• erva-azul   (Source: D. Groth, p.c. 2005) – Portuguese (Brazil)
  
• sinyak obyknovenny   (Source: Pulmonaria ) – Transliterated Russian
  
• viborera   (Source: F Int Apico ) – Spanish
  
• blåeld   (Source: Vara kulturvaxt namn ) – Swedish
  

Economic importance:

• Bee plants: honey production   (fide F Int Apico; Pulmonaria 100.)
  
• Environmental: ornamental   (fide Dict Gard; Pulmonaria 108.)
  
• Medicines: folklore   (fide Herbs Commerce ed2; Pulmonaria 100.)
  
• Vertebrate poisons: mammals   (fide Cooper & Johnson ed2; Lampe & McCann)
  
• Weed: potential seed contaminant   (fide Econ Pl Aust; Weeds SAfr 2001)
  

More:

View toxicology references for Echium vulgare from FDA Poisonous Plant Database

View ethnobotanical data from Duke's Phytochemical and Ethnobotanical Databases

Distributional range:

• ASIA-TEMPERATE
  Western Asia: Cyprus; Turkey [n.w.]
  Caucasus: Armenia; Azerbaijan; Georgia; Russian Federation - Ciscaucasia, Dagestan
  Siberia: Russian Federation - Western Siberia [s.]
  Middle Asia: Kazakhstan; Kyrgyzstan; Tajikistan; Turkmenistan; Uzbekistan
  China: China - Xinjiang [n.]
• EUROPE
  Northern Europe: Denmark; Ireland; Sweden; United Kingdom
  Middle Europe: Austria; Belgium; Czech Republic; Hungary; Netherlands; Poland; Slovakia; Switzerland
  East Europe: Belarus; Estonia; Latvia; Lithuania; Moldova; Russian Federation - European part; Ukraine [incl. Krym]
  Southeastern Europe: Albania; Bulgaria; Greece; Italy [incl. Sardinia, Sicily]; Romania
  Southwestern Europe: France [incl. Corsica]; Portugal; Spain

• AFRICA
  Southern Africa: Lesotho; South Africa
• AUSTRALASIA
  Australia: Australia - New South Wales, South Australia, Tasmania, Victoria
  New Zealand: New Zealand
• EUROPE
  Northern Europe: Finland; Norway
  Middle Europe: Germany
  Southeastern Europe: Croatia; Serbia; Slovenia
• NORTHERN AMERICA
  Eastern Canada: Canada - New Brunswick, Nova Scotia, Ontario, Quebec
  Western Canada: Canada - Alberta, British Columbia, Manitoba, Saskatchewan
  Northeastern U.S.A.: United States - Connecticut, Indiana, Maine, Massachusetts, Michigan, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Ohio, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, Vermont, West Virginia
  North-Central U.S.A.: United States - Illinois, Iowa, Kansas, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, Oklahoma, South Dakota, Wisconsin
  Northwestern U.S.A.: United States - Colorado, Idaho, Montana, Oregon, Washington, Wyoming
  Southeastern U.S.A.: United States - Arkansas, Delaware, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, South Carolina, Tennessee, Virginia
  South-Central U.S.A.: United States - New Mexico, Texas
  Southwestern U.S.A.: United States - California, Utah
• SOUTHERN AMERICA
  Southern South America: Argentina; Chile

• also cultivated

References:

• Aldén, B., S. Ryman & M. Hjertson. 2009. Våra kulturväxters namn - ursprung och användning. Formas, Stockholm (Handbook on Swedish cultivated and utility plants, their names and origin).
• Allan, H. H. B. et al. 1961–. Flora of New Zealand.
• Bennett, M. 2003. Pulmonarias and the Borage family. 100.
• Cooper, M. R. & A. W. Johnson. 1998. Poisonous plants and fungi in Britain: animal and human poisoning. [poisonous].
• Correll, D. S. & M. C. Johnston. 1970. Manual of the vascular plants of Texas.
• Davis, P. H., ed. 1965–1988. Flora of Turkey and the east Aegean islands.
• Erhardt, W. et al. 2008. Der große Zander: Enzyklopädie der Pflanzennamen.
• Euro+Med Editorial Committee. Euro+Med Plantbase: the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity (on-line resource).
• Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO). 2010. Ecocrop (on-line resource).
• Germishuizen, G. & N. L. Meyer, eds. 2003. Plants of southern Africa: an annotated checklist. Strelitzia 14.
• Gleason, H. A. & A. Cronquist. 1991. Manual of vascular plants of northeastern United States and adjacent Canada, ed. 2.
• Greuter, W. et al., eds. 1984–. Med-Checklist.
• Groth, D. 2005. pers. comm. [re. Brazilian common names].
• Guillarmod, A. J. 1971. Flora of Lesotho.
• Henderson, L. 2001. Alien weeds and invasive plants: a complete guide to declared weeds and invaders in South Africa. Plant Protection Research Institute, Handbook 12.
• Hnatiuk, R. J. 1990. Census of Australian vascular plants. Australian Flora and Fauna Series No. 11.
• Holm, L. et al. 1979. A geographical atlas of world weeds.
• Huxley, A., ed. 1992. The new Royal Horticultural Society dictionary of gardening.
• Institute of Pacific Islands Forestry. Pacific Island Ecosystems at Risk (PIER): plant threats to Pacific ecosystems (on-line resource).
• Instituto de Botánica Darwinion. 2008. Flora del Conosur. Catálogo de las plantas vasculares.
• Integrated Botanical Information System (IBIS). Australian plant common name database (on-line resource).
• Kartesz, J. T. 2011. North American plant atlas. The Biota of North America Program (BONAP).
• Klemow, K. M. et al. 2002. The biology of Canadian weeds. 116. Echium vulgare L. Canad. J. Pl. Sci. 82:235–248.
• Komarov, V. L. et al., eds. 1934–1964. Flora SSSR.
• Lampe, K. F. & M. A. McCann. 1985. AMA handbook of poisonous and injurious plants. [poisonous].
• Lazarides, M. & B. Hince. 1993. CSIRO Handbook of Economic Plants of Australia.
• Liberty Hyde Bailey Hortorium. 1976. Hortus third.
• McGuffin, M., J. T. Kartesz, A. Y. Leung, & A. O. Tucker. 2000. Herbs of commerce, ed. 2.
• Munro, D. B. Canadian poisonous plants information system (on-line resource).
• Ortega-Sada, J. L. 1987. Flora de interes apicola y polinizacion de cultivos.
• Parsons, W. T. & E. G. Cuthbertson. 1992. Noxious weeds of Australia.
• Pignatti, S. 1982. Flora d'Italia.
• Retief, E. & A. E. Van Wyk. 1998. The genus Echium in southern Africa. Bothalia 28:174.
• Steyermark, J. A. 1977. Flora of Missouri.
• Tutin, T. G. et al., eds. 1964–1980. Flora europaea.
• Willis, J. H. 1970–1972. A handbook to plants in Victoria.
• Wu Zheng-yi & P. H. Raven et al., eds. 1994–. Flora of China (English edition).

More:

Search AGRICOLA article citation database for citations referencing Echium vulgare.

Search NCBI's Entrez search engine for PubMed citations referencing Echium vulgare.

Search Biodiversity Heritage Library for historical publications referencing Echium vulgare.

Check other web resources for Echium vulgare L.:

• Flora Europaea: Database of European Plants (ESFEDS)
• PLANTS: USDA-NRCS Database of Plants of the United States and its Territories
• BONAP: North American Plant Atlas of the Biota of North America Program
• Flora del Conosur: Catálogo de las Plantas Vasculares del Conosur
• Flora of China: Online version from Harvard University
• AVH: Australia's Virtual Herbarium
• SIBIS: South African National Biodiversity Institute's (SANBI) Integrated Biodiversity System
• TROPICOS: Nomenclatural and Specimen Database of the Missouri Botanical Garden
• Mansfeld: Mansfeld's World Database of Agricultural and Horticultural Crops
• ePIC: Electronic Plant Information Centre of Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew
• AGRICOLA: Article Citation Database or NAL Catalog of USDA's National Agricultural Library
• Entrez: NCBI's search engine for PubMed citations, GenBank sequences, etc.

Images:

• Seed: U.S. National Seed Herbarium image
• Seeds or fruits: Seed ID Workshop image, from Department of Horticulture and Crop Science, Ohio State University

More:

• Check PlantSystematics.org for additional images
• Images Note: Be advised that their identity may be inaccurate. Proper identification of a plant may require specialized taxonomic knowledge or comparison with properly documented herbarium material.

Abbreviations & symbols in GRIN Taxonomy

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