Taxon: Echium plantagineum L.

A declared aquatic or terrestrial noxious weed and/or noxious-weed seed in these U.S. states (see state noxious weed lists), with links to state information or web documents:

OR*, WY°.

ªAquatic.

*Terrestrial.

°In seed.

Link to noxious weed information from

Common names:

• blue echium   (Source: Aust Pl Common Names ) – English
  
• blueweed   (Source: Noxweed Aust ) – English
  
• Lady Campbell-weed   (Source: Aust Pl Common Names ) – English
  
• Paterson's-curse   (Source: Econ Pl Aust ) – English
  
• purple echium   (Source: Noxweed Aust ) – English
  
• purple viper's-bugloss   (Source: F BritStace ) – English
  
• purple-bugloss   (Source: Noxweed Aust ) – English
  
• Riverina bluebell   (Source: Noxweed Aust ) – English
  
• Salvation Jane   (Source: Noxweed Aust ) – English
  
• viper's-bugloss   (Source: Noxweed Aust ) – English
  
• bloudissel   (Source: Bothalia 28:174.1998) – Afrikaans
  
• pers-echium   (Source: Weeds SAfr 2001 ) – Afrikaans
  
• vipérine faux-plantain   (Source: Zander Ency ) – French
  
• wegerichblättriger Natternkopf   (Source: Zander Ency ) – German
  
• sonaja   (Source: Pulmonaria ) – Spanish
  
• blå snokört   (Source: Vara kulturvaxt namn ) – Swedish
  

Economic importance:

• Bee plants: honey production   (fide Econ Pl Aust; Invasive Pl Spec)
  
• Environmental: ornamental   (fide Dict Gard; F Pak; Invasive Pl Spec)
  
• Human food: potential as oil/fat   (fide web document)
  
• Vertebrate poisons: mammals   (fide Cooper & Johnson ed2, as E. lycopsis; Everist, as E. lycopsis; Kingsbury, as E. lycopsis; Lampe & McCann, as E. lycopsis)
  
• Weed: potential seed contaminant   (fide Noxweed Aust; Pulmonaria 107.; Invasive Pl Spec; Weeds SAfr 2001)
  

More:

View toxicology references for Echium plantagineum from FDA Poisonous Plant Database

View ethnobotanical data from Duke's Phytochemical and Ethnobotanical Databases

Distributional range:

• AFRICA
  Macaronesia: Portugal - Madeira Islands; Spain - Canary Islands
  Northern Africa: Algeria [n.]; Egypt; Libya [n.]; Morocco; Tunisia
• ASIA-TEMPERATE
  Western Asia: Cyprus; Israel; Jordan; Lebanon; Syria; Turkey
  Caucasus: Georgia
• EUROPE
  Northern Europe: United Kingdom
  Middle Europe: Germany
  East Europe: Ukraine - Krym
  Southeastern Europe: Albania; Bulgaria; Croatia; Greece [incl. Crete]; Italy [incl. Sardinia, Sicily]; Slovenia
  Southwestern Europe: France [incl. Corsica]; Portugal; Spain [incl. Baleares]

• AFRICA
  Macaronesia: Portugal - Azores
  Northeast Tropical Africa: Eritrea; Ethiopia
  East Tropical Africa: Kenya; Tanzania
  South Tropical Africa: Zimbabwe
  Southern Africa: Lesotho; South Africa
• AUSTRALASIA
  Australia: Australia
  New Zealand: New Zealand
• NORTHERN AMERICA
  Eastern Canada: Canada - Ontario
  Western Canada: Canada - Manitoba
  Northeastern U.S.A.: United States - Massachusetts, New York, Pennsylvania
  Northwestern U.S.A.: United States - Oregon
  Southwestern U.S.A.: United States - California
• SOUTHERN AMERICA
  Southern South America: Argentina; Chile; Uruguay

• also cultivated

References:

• Advisory Committee on Novel Foods and Processes (UK). 2010. Refined Echium oil. [re. potential use as oil/fat].
• Aldén, B., S. Ryman & M. Hjertson. 2009. Våra kulturväxters namn - ursprung och användning. Formas, Stockholm (Handbook on Swedish cultivated and utility plants, their names and origin).
• Ali, S. I. & S. M. H. Jafri, eds. 1976–. Flora of Libya.
• Allan, H. H. B. et al. 1961–. Flora of New Zealand.
• Bennett, M. 2003. Pulmonarias and the Borage family. 107.
• Bramwell, D. 1972. A revision of the genus Echium in Macaronesia. Lagascalia 2:64.
• Cufodontis, G. 1953–1972. Enumeratio plantarum aethiopiae: Spermatophyta.
• Davis, P. H., ed. 1965–1988. Flora of Turkey and the east Aegean islands.
• Erhardt, W. et al. 2008. Der große Zander: Enzyklopädie der Pflanzennamen.
• Euro+Med Editorial Committee. Euro+Med Plantbase: the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity (on-line resource).
• Germishuizen, G. & N. L. Meyer, eds. 2003. Plants of southern Africa: an annotated checklist. Strelitzia 14.
• Greuter, W. et al., eds. 1984–. Med-Checklist.
• Hansen, A. & P. Sunding. 1993. Flora of Macaronesia: checklist of vascular plants, ed. 4. Sommerfeltia vol. 17.
• Hedberg, I. & S. Edwards. 1989–. Flora of Ethiopia. (and Eritrea. 2000)
• Henderson, L. 2001. Alien weeds and invasive plants: a complete guide to declared weeds and invaders in South Africa. Plant Protection Research Institute, Handbook 12.
• Hnatiuk, R. J. 1990. Census of Australian vascular plants. Australian Flora and Fauna Series No. 11.
• Holm, L. et al. 1979. A geographical atlas of world weeds.
• Huxley, A., ed. 1992. The new Royal Horticultural Society dictionary of gardening.
• Instituto de Botánica Darwinion. 2008. Flora del Conosur. Catálogo de las plantas vasculares.
• Integrated Botanical Information System (IBIS). Australian plant common name database (on-line resource).
• Izquierdo Z., I. et al., eds. 2004. Lista de especies silvestres de Canarias: hongos, plantas y animales terrestres.
• Kartesz, J. T. 2011. North American plant atlas. The Biota of North America Program (BONAP).
• Komarov, V. L. et al., eds. 1934–1964. Flora SSSR.
• Lazarides, M. & B. Hince. 1993. CSIRO Handbook of Economic Plants of Australia.
• Lems, K. 1960. Floristic botany of the Canary islands.
• Munz, P. A. & D. D. Keck. 1959. A California flora.
• Nasir, E. & S. I. Ali, eds. 1970–. Flora of [West] Pakistan.
• Parsons, W. T. & E. G. Cuthbertson. 1992. Noxious weeds of Australia.
• Pignatti, S. 1982. Flora d'Italia.
• Quézel, P. & S. Santa. 1962–1963. Nouvelle flore de l'Algerie.
• Retief, E. & A. E. Van Wyk. 1998. The genus Echium in southern Africa. Bothalia 28:174.
• Silva, L. et al. 2005. Listagem da fauna e flora terrestres dos Açores. Lista des plantas vasculares (Pteridophyta e Spermatophyta).
• Stace, C. 1995. New flora of the British Isles.
• Täckholm, V. 1974. Students' flora of Egypt, ed. 2.
• Turrill, W. B. et al., eds. 1952–. Flora of tropical East Africa.
• Tutin, T. G. et al., eds. 1964–1980. Flora europaea.
• Weber, E. 2003. Invasive plant species of the world: a reference guide to environmental weeds.

More:

Search AGRICOLA article citation database for citations referencing Echium plantagineum.

Search NCBI's Entrez search engine for PubMed citations referencing Echium plantagineum.

Search Biodiversity Heritage Library for historical publications referencing Echium plantagineum.

Synonyms:

• (=) Echium lycopsis auct.
  
• (=) Echium violaceum auct.
  (previously associated with 1 accession)

Check other web resources for Echium plantagineum L.:

• Flora Europaea: Database of European Plants (ESFEDS)
• PLANTS: USDA-NRCS Database of Plants of the United States and its Territories
• BONAP: North American Plant Atlas of the Biota of North America Program
• Flora del Conosur: Catálogo de las Plantas Vasculares del Conosur
• AVH: Australia's Virtual Herbarium
• SIBIS: South African National Biodiversity Institute's (SANBI) Integrated Biodiversity System
• On-line Flora of Zimbabwe
• TROPICOS: Nomenclatural and Specimen Database of the Missouri Botanical Garden
• Mansfeld: Mansfeld's World Database of Agricultural and Horticultural Crops
• ePIC: Electronic Plant Information Centre of Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew
• AGRICOLA: Article Citation Database or NAL Catalog of USDA's National Agricultural Library
• Entrez: NCBI's search engine for PubMed citations, GenBank sequences, etc.

Images:

• Disseminule drawings: U.S. National Seed Herbarium drawing
• Embryo drawing: U.S. National Seed Herbarium drawing
• Seed: U.S. National Seed Herbarium image

More:

• Check PlantSystematics.org for additional images
• Images Note: Be advised that their identity may be inaccurate. Proper identification of a plant may require specialized taxonomic knowledge or comparison with properly documented herbarium material.

Abbreviations & symbols in GRIN Taxonomy

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