Taxon: Echinochloa frumentacea Link

Common names:

• billion-dollar grass   (Source: Dict Rehm ) – English
  
• Indian barnyard millet   (Source: Taxon 41:522. 1992) – English
  
• Siberian millet   (Source: F NAmer ) – English
  
• white millet   (Source: BSBI ) – English
  
• white panicum   (Source: Aust Pl Common Names ) – English
  
• white-panic   (Source: F NAmer ) – English
  
• Sawahirse   (Source: Dict Rehm ) – German
  
• sama   (Source: Names Watson [as Panicum frumentaceum]) – India
  

More:

see MMPND for additional names in foreign scripts

Economic importance:

• Animal food: fodder   (fide Econ Pl Aust)
  
• Animal food: forage   (fide Econ Pl Aust)
  

More:

View ethnobotanical data from Duke's Phytochemical and Ethnobotanical Databases

Distributional range:

• NORTHERN AMERICA
  United States

• AFRICA
  East Tropical Africa: Tanzania
• ASIA-TEMPERATE
  China: China - Anhui, Guizhou, Heilongjiang, Henan, Nei Monggol, Ningxia, Yunnan
  Eastern Asia: Taiwan
• ASIA-TROPICAL
  Indian Subcontinent: India
• AUSTRALASIA
  Australia: Australia

• probable origin from cultivated in India and Africa

References:

• Bor, N. L. 1960. The grasses of Burma, Ceylon, India, and Pakistan.
• Botanical Society of the British Isles. BSBI taxon database (on-line resource).
• Englert, J. M. et al. 1999. USDA-NRCS Improved conservation plant materials released by NRCS and cooperators.
• FNA Editorial Committee. 1993–. Flora of North America.
• Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO). 2010. Ecocrop (on-line resource).
• Hitchcock, A. S. 1950. Manual of the grasses of the United States, ed. 2. [= E. crusgalli var. frumentacea].
• Integrated Botanical Information System (IBIS). Australian plant common name database (on-line resource).
• Kartesz, J. T. 1994. A synonymized checklist of the vascular flora of the United States, Canada, and Greenland.
• Lazarides, M. & B. Hince. 1993. CSIRO Handbook of Economic Plants of Australia.
• Porcher, M. H. et al. Searchable World Wide Web Multilingual Multiscript Plant Name Database (MMPND) (on-line resource).
• Randall, R. P. 2007. The introduced flora of Australia and its weed status.
• Rehm, S. 1994. Multilingual dictionary of agronomic plants.
• Scholz, H. 1992. Taxon 41:522.
• Turrill, W. B. et al., eds. 1952–. Flora of tropical East Africa.
• Watson, J. F. 1868. Index to the native and scientific names of Indian and other eastern economic plants and products. [= Panicum frumentaceum].
• Wu Zheng-yi & P. H. Raven et al., eds. 1994–. Flora of China (English edition).
• Zuloaga, F. O. et al. 2003. Catalogue of New World grasses (Poaceae): III. Subfamilies Panicoideae, Aristidoideae, Arundinoideae, and Danthonioideae. Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 46:218. [= Echinochloa crusgalli var. frumantacea].

More:

Search AGRICOLA article citation database for citations referencing Echinochloa frumentacea.

Search NCBI's Entrez search engine for PubMed citations referencing Echinochloa frumentacea.

Search Biodiversity Heritage Library for historical publications referencing Echinochloa frumentacea.

Synonyms:

• (≡) Echinochloa crus-galli var. frumentacea (Link) E. G. Camus & A. Camus
  (previously associated with 12 accessions)
• (≡) Oplismenus frumentaceus (Link) Kunth
  
• (≡) Panicum frumentaceum Roxb.
  (previously associated with 4 accessions)

Check other web resources for Echinochloa frumentacea Link:

• PLANTS: USDA-NRCS Database of Plants of the United States and its Territories
• BONAP: North American Plant Atlas of the Biota of North America Program
• Flora of China: Online version from Harvard University
• AVH: Australia's Virtual Herbarium
• TROPICOS: Nomenclatural and Specimen Database of the Missouri Botanical Garden
• CNWG: Catalogue of New World Grasses Searchable Database
• Grass Manual on the Web: Manual of Grasses for North America North of Mexico
• World Grass Species-Descriptions: Morphological species description from Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew
• Mansfeld: Mansfeld's World Database of Agricultural and Horticultural Crops
• ePIC: Electronic Plant Information Centre of Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew
• AGRICOLA: Article Citation Database or NAL Catalog of USDA's National Agricultural Library
• Entrez: NCBI's search engine for PubMed citations, GenBank sequences, etc.

Images:

• GRIN Images of germplasm accessions.
• Spikelets and/or florets: Seed ID Workshop image, from Department of Horticulture and Crop Science, Ohio State University

More:

• Check PlantSystematics.org for additional images
• Images Note: Be advised that their identity may be inaccurate. Proper identification of a plant may require specialized taxonomic knowledge or comparison with properly documented herbarium material.

Abbreviations & symbols in GRIN Taxonomy

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