Taxon: Cynara cardunculus L.

A declared aquatic or terrestrial noxious weed and/or noxious-weed seed in these U.S. states (see state noxious weed lists), with links to state information or web documents:

CA*.

ªAquatic.

*Terrestrial.

°In seed.

Link to noxious weed information from

See also subordinate taxa:

• Cynara cardunculus subsp. cardunculus (28 accessions)
• Cynara cardunculus subsp. flavescens (no accessions)

Common names:

• alcachofa   (Source: Dict Rehm as C. scolymus)
  
• alcachofra   (Source: Dict Rehm as C. scolymus)
  
• alcaucil   (Source: Dict Rehm as C. scolymus)
  
• artichaut commun   (Source: Dict Rehm as C. scolymus)
  
• artichoke   (Source: World Econ Pl )
  
• artichoke thistle   (Source: Noxweed Aust )
  
• Artischocke   (Source: Dict Rehm as C. scolymus)
  
• cardo   (Source: Dict Rehm )
  
• cardo de comer   (Source: Dict Rehm )
  
• cardon d'Espagne   (Source: Dict Rehm )
  
• cardoon   (Source: World Econ Pl )
  
• Gemüseartischocke   (Source: Dict Rehm )
  
• globe artichoke   (Source: World Econ Pl )
  
• Kardone   (Source: Dict Rehm )
  
• Scotch thistle   (Source: Noxweed Aust but this adjective is best avoided, may cause offence in Scotland)
  
• Scottish thistle   (Source: Noxweed Aust )
  

More:

see MMPND for additional names in foreign scripts

Economic importance:

• Environmental: ornamental   (fide Invasive Pl Spec)
  
• Human food: vegetable   (leaves and receptacle of inflorescence fide Bot J Linn Soc 109:116. 1992; Invasive Pl Spec)
  
• Medicines: folklore; source of cynarin   (fide Import Medicinal Pl; Herbs Commerce ed2)
  
• Weed: also potential seed contaminant   (fide Econ Pl Aust; Invasive Pl Spec)
  

More:

View ethnobotanical data from Duke's Phytochemical and Ethnobotanical Databases

View ethnobotanical data from Moerman's Native American Ethnobotany Database

Distributional range:

Native: (links to other web resources are provided for some distributions)

• AFRICA
  Macaronesia: Spain - Canary Islands
  Northern Africa: Libya [n.w.]; Morocco [n.]; Tunisia
• ASIA-TEMPERATE
  Western Asia: Cyprus; Turkey
• AUSTRALASIA
  Australia: Australia
  New Zealand: New Zealand
• EUROPE
  Northern Europe: United Kingdom
  Southeastern Europe: Former Yugoslavia; Greece; Italy
  Southwestern Europe: France [s. & Corsica]; Portugal; Spain [incl. Baleares]
• NORTHERN AMERICA
  United States [w.]
• SOUTHERN AMERICA
  Mesoamerica: Central America
  South America [s.]

Other:

• widely cultivated

References:

• Davis, P. H., ed. 1965–1988. Flora of Turkey and the east Aegean islands. (F Turk)
• Encke, F. et al. 1984. Zander: Handwörterbuch der Pflanzennamen, 13. Auflage. (Zander ed13)
• Hu, S.-Y. 1970. Compositae of China. (Comp China) 340.
• Izquierdo Z., I. et al., eds. 2004. Lista de especies silvestres de Canarias: hongos, plantas y animales terrestres. (L Canaries)
• Jessop, J. P. & H. R. Toelken, eds. 1986. Flora of South Australia, ed. 4. (F SAust)
• Komarov, V. L. et al., eds. 1934–1964. Flora SSSR. (F USSR)
• Lazarides, M. & B. Hince. 1993. CSIRO Handbook of Economic Plants of Australia. (Econ Pl Aust)
• Liberty Hyde Bailey Hortorium. 1976. Hortus third. (Hortus 3)
• Malezasdemexico. Malezas de México - on-line resource. (Malezas Mex)
• McGuffin, M., J. T. Kartesz, A. Y. Leung, & A. O. Tucker. 2000. Herbs of commerce, ed. 2. (Herbs Commerce ed2)
• Munz, P. A. & D. D. Keck. 1959. A California flora. (F CalifMunz)
• Parsons, W. T. & E. G. Cuthbertson. 1992. Noxious weeds of Australia. (Noxweed Aust)
• Porcher, M. H. et al. Searchable World Wide Web Multilingual Multiscript Plant Name Database (MMPND) - on-line resource. (Pl Names)
• Rehm, S. 1994. Multilingual dictionary of agronomic plants. (Dict Rehm) [= C. scolymus].
• Tutin, T. G. et al., eds. 1976. Flora europaea. (F Eur) 4:248.
• Weber, E. 2003. Invasive plant species of the world: a reference guide to environmental weeds. (Invasive Pl Spec)
• Wiklund, A. 1992. The genus Cynara L. (Asteraceae: Cardueae). Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 109:113.
• Willis, J. H. 1970–1972. A handbook to plants in Victoria. (F VictWillis)

More:

Search AGRICOLA article citation database for citations referencing Cynara cardunculus.

Search NCBI's Entrez search engine for PubMed citations referencing Cynara cardunculus. Note: Defaults to a search by genus or species epithet if species binomial not found.

Synonyms:

• (=) Cynara scolymus L.
  (previously associated with 82 accessions)

Check other databases for Cynara cardunculus L.:

• Flora Europaea: Database of European Plants (ESFEDS)
• Euro+Med Plantbase: Information Resource for Euro-Mediterranean Plant Diversity
• PLANTS: USDA-NRCS Database of Plants of the United States and its Territories
• TROPICOS: Nomenclatural and Specimen Database of the Missouri Botanical Garden
• AVH: Australia's Virtual Herbarium Map Display Interface
• Mansfeld: Mansfeld's World Database of Agricultural and Horticultural Crops
• ePIC: Electronic Plant Information Centre of Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew
• AGRICOLA: Article Citation Database or NAL Catalog of USDA's National Agricultural Library
• Entrez: NCBI's search engine for PubMed citations, GenBank sequences, etc.
  Note: Defaults to a search by genus or species epithet if species binomial not found.

Images:

• Fruits: U.S. National Seed Herbarium image
• Fruits: U.S. National Seed Herbarium image
• Fruits: U.S. National Seed Herbarium image

More:

• Check PlantSystematics.org for additional images
• Images Note: Be advised that their identity may be inaccurate. Proper identification of a plant may require specialized taxonomic knowledge or comparison with properly documented herbarium material.

Abbreviations & symbols in GRIN Taxonomy

---

| USDA | ARS | GRIN | NPGS | New Search |

---

Cite as:
USDA, ARS, National Genetic Resources Program.
Germplasm Resources Information Network - (GRIN) [Online Database].
National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland.
URL: http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/taxon.pl?12839 (21 November 2009)

Please send us your comments

Ctrl P to print