Taxon: Crataegus crus-galli L.

Common names:

• cockspurthorn   (Source: Hortus 3 ) – English
  
• sporrhagtorn   (Source: Vara kulturvaxt namn ) – Swedish
  

Economic importance:

• Environmental: ornamental   (fide Dict Gard; Zander13)
  
• Human food: fruit   (fide L Edible Pl)
  

More:

View ethnobotanical data from Moerman's Native American Ethnobotany Database

Distributional range:

• NORTHERN AMERICA (Check conservation status in U.S. & Canada in NatureServe Explorer database)
  Eastern Canada: Canada - Ontario [s.e.], Quebec [s.w.]
  Northeastern U.S.A.: United States - Connecticut, Indiana, Maine, Massachusetts, Michigan [s.], New Jersey, New York, Ohio, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, Vermont, West Virginia
  North-Central U.S.A.: United States - Illinois, Iowa [e.], Kansas [e.], Missouri, Oklahoma, Wisconsin [s.]
  Southeastern U.S.A.: United States - Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida [n.], Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, South Carolina, Tennessee, Virginia
  South-Central U.S.A.: United States - Texas [e. & c.]

• also cultivated

References:

• Flora of the Washington-Baltimore area (DC Flora Checklist) (on-line resource).
• Aldén, B., S. Ryman & M. Hjertson. 2009. Våra kulturväxters namn - ursprung och användning. Formas, Stockholm (Handbook on Swedish cultivated and utility plants, their names and origin).
• Brown, R. G. & M. L. Brown. 1972. Woody plants of Maryland.
• Chester, E. W. et al. 1993–1997. Atlas of Tennessee vascular plants.
• Cinovskis, R. E. 1971. Crataegi Baltici. 223.
• Clark, R. C. 1971. The woody plants of Alabama. Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 58:175.
• Correll, D. S. & M. C. Johnston. 1970. Manual of the vascular plants of Texas.
• Deam, C. C. 1940. Flora of Indiana.
• Dickinson, T. A. & J. B. Phipps. 1985. Studies in Crataegus L. (Rosaceae: Maloideae). XIII. Degree and pattern of phenotypic variation in Crataegus sect. Crus-galli in Ontario. Syst. Bot. 10:322–337.
• Eilers, L. J. & D. M. Roosa. 1994. The vascular plants of Iowa.
• Encke, F. et al. 1984. Zander: Handwörterbuch der Pflanzennamen, 13. Auflage.
• Gleason, H. A. & A. Cronquist. 1991. Manual of vascular plants of northeastern United States and adjacent Canada, ed. 2.
• Haines, A. & T. F. Vining. 1998. Flora of Maine: a manual for identification of native and naturalized vascular plants of Maine.
• Harmon, P. J. et al. 2006. Checklist and atlas of the vascular flora of West Virginia.
• Huxley, A., ed. 1992. The new Royal Horticultural Society dictionary of gardening.
• Jones, G. N. & G. D. Fuller. 1955. Vascular plants of Illinois.
• Jones, R. L. 2005. Plant life of Kentucky: an illustrated guide to the vascular flora.
• Krüssmann, G. 1984. Manual of cultivated broad-leaved trees and shrubs (English translation of Handbuch der Laubgehölze. 1976).
• Kunkel, G. 1984. Plants for human consumption.
• Liberty Hyde Bailey Hortorium. 1976. Hortus third.
• Magee, D. W. & H. E. Ahles. 1999. Flora of the Northeast. A manual of the vascular flora of New England and adjacent New York.
• McGregor, R. L. et al. (The Great Plains Flora Association). 1977. Atlas of the Flora of the Great Plains.
• McGregor, R. L. et al. (The Great Plains Flora Association). 1986. Flora of the Great Plains.
• Mohlenbrock, R. H. & D. M. Ladd. 1978. Distribution of Illinois vascular plants.
• New York Flora Association. New York flora atlas (on-line resource).
• Phipps, J. B & M. Muniyamma. 1980. A taxonomic revision of Crataegus (Rosaceae) in Ontario. Canad. J. Bot. 58:1639.
• Phipps, J. B. 1988. Typification of Crataegus crus-galli L. (Rosaceae) and nomenclatural notes on some related species of hawthorn. Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 96:359–369.
• Radford, A. E. et al. 1964. Manual of the vascular flora of the Carolinas.
• Scoggan, H. J. 1978–1979. The flora of Canada, 4 vol.
• Seymour, F. 1969. The flora of New England.
• Smith, E. B. 1978. An atlas and annotated list of the vascular plants of Arkansas.
• Steyermark, J. A. 1977. Flora of Missouri.
• Townsend, J., ed. South Carolina plant atlas (on-line resource).
• Turner, B. L. et al. 2003. Atlas of the vascular plants of Texas. Sida Botanical Miscellany no. 24.
• Virginia Botanical Associates. Digital atlas of the Virginia flora (on-line resource).
• Voss, E. 1972–. Michigan flora.
• Weakley, A. S. 2007. Flora of the Carolinas, Virginia, and Georgia, and surrounding areas.
• Wetter, M. A. et al. WISFLORA: Wisconsin vascular plant species (on-line resource).
• Wherry, E. T. et al. 1979. Atlas of the flora of Pennsylvania.
• Wunderlin, R. & B. Hansen. Atlas of Florida vascular plants (on-line resource).

More:

Search AGRICOLA article citation database for citations referencing Crataegus crus-galli.

Search NCBI's Entrez search engine for PubMed citations referencing Crataegus crus-galli.

Search Biodiversity Heritage Library for historical publications referencing Crataegus crus-galli.

Synonyms:

• (=) Crataegus regalis Beadle
  
• (=) Crataegus salicifolia Medik.
  

Check other web resources for Crataegus crus-galli L.:

• PLANTS: USDA-NRCS Database of Plants of the United States and its Territories
• BONAP: North American Plant Atlas of the Biota of North America Program
• TROPICOS: Nomenclatural and Specimen Database of the Missouri Botanical Garden
• Mansfeld: Mansfeld's World Database of Agricultural and Horticultural Crops
• ICRA: International Cultivar Registration Authority (on-line resource). for Crataegus crus-galli cultivars
• ePIC: Electronic Plant Information Centre of Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew
• AGRICOLA: Article Citation Database or NAL Catalog of USDA's National Agricultural Library
• Entrez: NCBI's search engine for PubMed citations, GenBank sequences, etc.

Images:

• Fruit: U.S. National Seed Herbarium image
• Pyrene: U.S. National Seed Herbarium image
• Pyrene: U.S. National Seed Herbarium image

More:

• Check PlantSystematics.org for additional images
• Images Note: Be advised that their identity may be inaccurate. Proper identification of a plant may require specialized taxonomic knowledge or comparison with properly documented herbarium material.

Abbreviations & symbols in GRIN Taxonomy

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