Taxon: Citrus maxima (Burm.) Merr.

Common names:

• pomelo   (Source: Websters Dict ) – English
  
• pummelo   (Source: World Econ Pl ) – English
  
• shaddock   (Source: World Econ Pl ) – English
  
• you   (Source: F ChinaEng ) – Transcribed Chinese
  
• zhu luan   (Source: Mansf Ency ) – Transcribed Chinese
  
• pamplemousse   (Source: Mansf Ency ) – French
  
• pamplemoussier   (Source: Mansf Ency ) – French
  
• shadek   (Source: Les Agrumes ) – French
  
• Adamsapfel   (Source: Citrus CGC, p.c.) – German
  
• Pampelmuse   (Source: S. Reichel, p.c.) – German
  
• Pomelo   (Source: S. Reichel, p.c.) – German
  
• Pumelo   (Source: S. Reichel, p.c.) – German
  
• limau   (Source: Citrus CGC, p.c.) – Indonesian
  
• pompelmo   (Source: Citrus CGC, p.c.) – Italian
  
• buntan   (Source: Citrus CGC, p.c.) – Japanese Rōmaji
  
• zabon   (Source: Citrus CGC, p.c.) – Japanese Rōmaji
  
• jamboa   (Source: Mansf Ency ) – Portuguese
  
• toronja   (Source: Dict Rehm ) – Spanish
  
• pompelmus   (Source: Vara kulturvaxt namn ) – Swedish
  

More:

see MMPND for additional names in foreign scripts

Economic importance:

• Human food: fruit   (fide Pl Res SEAs 2:129. 1991)
  
• Gene sources: graft stock relative for citrus   (fide HortTechnology 12:145, 146. 2002)
  
• Gene sources: progenitor of grapefruit   (fide Ann Bot 111:8. 2013)
  
• Gene sources: progenitor of lemon   (fide Ann Bot 111:9. 2013)
  
• Gene sources: progenitor of sweet orange   (fide Nature Genomics 45:65. 2013)
  
• Materials: essential oils   (fide Mansf Ency)
  

More:

View ethnobotanical data from Duke's Phytochemical and Ethnobotanical Databases

Distributional range:

• ASIA-TROPICAL
  Malesia: Indonesia; Malaysia

• widely cultivated in tropics & subtropics

References:

• Aldén, B., S. Ryman & M. Hjertson. 2009. Våra kulturväxters namn - ursprung och användning. Formas, Stockholm (Handbook on Swedish cultivated and utility plants, their names and origin).
• Chinese Academy of Sciences. 1959–. Flora reipublicae popularis sinicae.
• Citrus Crop Germplasm Committee. 1998. pers. comm. [re. common names].
• Courboulex, M. & H. de Lorrain. 1997. Les agrumes: oranges, citron, pamplemousses, kumquats. [re. French common names].
• Dassanayake, M. D. & F. R. Fosberg, eds. 1980–. A revised handbook to the flora of Ceylon. [= C. grandis (L.) Osbeck].
• Encke, F. et al. 1984. Zander: Handwörterbuch der Pflanzennamen, 13. Auflage.
• Froelicher, Y. et al. 2011. New universal mitochondrial PCR markers reveal new information on maternal citrus phylogeny. Tree Genet. Genomes 7:49–61. [this study examined the origin and maternal phylogeny of cultivated citrus; it included three samples of Citrus maxima; it obtained seven mitotypes, one of which included C. maxima together with C. aurantium, C. bergamia, C. latifolia, C. limetta, C. limon, C. paradisii, C. pseudolimon and C. sinensis].
• Garcia-Lor, A. et al. 2013. A nuclear phylogenetic analysis: SNPs, indels and SSRs deliver new insights into the relationships in the 'true citrus fruit trees' group (Citrinae, Rutaceae) and the origin of cultivated species. Ann. Bot. (Oxford) 111:1–19.
• Hanelt, P., ed. 2001. Mansfeld's encyclopedia of agricultural and horticultural crops. Volumes 1-6.
• Jung, Y.-H. et al. 2005. Investigation of the phylogenetic relationships within the genus Citrus (Rutaceae) and related species in Korea using plastid trnL-trnF sequences. Sci. Hort. 104:179–188. [= Citrus grandis].
• Liberty Hyde Bailey Hortorium. 1976. Hortus third.
• Mabberley, D. J. 1997. A classification for edible Citrus (Rutaceae). Telopea 7:170.
• Markle, G. M. et al., eds. 1998. Food and feed crops of the United States, ed. 2.
• Merrill, E. D. 1922–1926. An enumeration of Philippine flowering plants.
• Porcher, M. H. et al. Searchable World Wide Web Multilingual Multiscript Plant Name Database (MMPND) (on-line resource).
• Rehm, S. 1994. Multilingual dictionary of agronomic plants.
• Reichel, S. 1998. pers. comm. [re. German common names].
• Scora, R. W. & D. H. Nicolson. 1986. The correct name for the shaddock, Citrus maxima, not C. grandis (Rutaceae). Taxon 35:592.
• Smith, A. C. 1979–1991. Flora vitiensis nova.
• Standley, P. C. & J. A. Steyermark. 1946–1976. Flora of Guatemala.
• Stover, E. & W. Castle. 2002. Citrus rootstock usage, characteristics ,and selection in the Florida Indian River region. HortTechnol. 12:143–147.
• Swingle, W. T. & P. C. Reece. 1967. The botany of Citrus and its wild relatives. [= C. grandis (L.) Osbeck].
• Tanaka, T. 1954. Species problem in Citrus: a critical study of wild and cultivated units of Citrus, based upon field studies in their native homes. In: Tanaka, T., Revisio Aurantiacearum. 9:117. [= Citrus grandis].
• Townsend, C. C. & E. Guest. 1966–. Flora of Iraq. [= C. grandis].
• Verheij, E. W. M. & R. E. Coronel, eds. 1991. Edible fruits and nuts. In: Faridah Hanum, I. & L. J. G. van der Maesen, eds., Plant Resources of South-East Asia (PROSEA). 2:128.
• Walker, E. 1976. Flora of Okinawa and the southern Ryukyu Islands. [= C. grandis].
• Wu Zheng-yi & P. H. Raven et al., eds. 1994–. Flora of China (English edition).
• Xu, Q. et al. 2013. The draft genome of sweet orange (Citrus sinensis). Nat. Genet. 45:59–68. [as Citrus grandis].
• Yaacob, O. & S. Subhadrabandhu. 1995. The production of economic fruits in South-East Asia. [= Citrus grandis].
• Webster's third new international dictionary.

More:

Search AGRICOLA article citation database for citations referencing Citrus maxima.

Search NCBI's Entrez search engine for PubMed citations referencing Citrus maxima.

Search Biodiversity Heritage Library for historical publications referencing Citrus maxima.

Synonyms:

• (≡) Aurantium maximum Burm. (basionym)
  
• (=) Citrus aurantium var. grandis L.
  
• (=) Citrus decumana L.
  (previously associated with 112 accessions)
• (=) Citrus grandis Osbeck
  (previously associated with 193 accessions)

Check other web resources for Citrus maxima (Burm.) Merr.:

• Flora of China: Online version from Harvard University
• Mansfeld: Mansfeld's World Database of Agricultural and Horticultural Crops
• ePIC: Electronic Plant Information Centre of Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew
• AGRICOLA: Article Citation Database or NAL Catalog of USDA's National Agricultural Library
• Entrez: NCBI's search engine for PubMed citations, GenBank sequences, etc.

Images:

• GRIN Images of germplasm accessions.
• Seed: U.S. National Seed Herbarium image

More:

• Check PlantSystematics.org for additional images
• Images Note: Be advised that their identity may be inaccurate. Proper identification of a plant may require specialized taxonomic knowledge or comparison with properly documented herbarium material.

Abbreviations & symbols in GRIN Taxonomy

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