Taxon: Melaleuca quinquenervia (Cav.) S. T. Blake

A declared noxious weed by USDA-APHIS.

A declared aquatic or terrestrial noxious weed and/or noxious-weed seed in these U.S. states (see state noxious weed lists), with links to state information or web documents:

FLª*, MAª, NCª, OKª, SCª, TXª.

ªAquatic.

*Terrestrial.

°In seed.

Link to noxious weed information from

Link to species profile at

Common names:

• belbowrie   (Source: Pl Res SEAs 19:131.) – English
  
• broadleaf paperbark   (Source: Econ Pl Aust ) – English
  
• broadleaf teatree   (Source: Honey F SE Queensl ) – English
  
• melaleuca   (Source: State Noxweed Seed ) – English
  
• paperbark teatree   (Source: Honey F SE Queensl ) – English
  
• punktree   (Source: Pl Res SEAs 19:131.) – English
  
• niaouli   (Source: Pl Res SEAs 19:131.) – French
  
• kayu putih   (Source: Pl Res SEAs 19:131.) – Indonesian
  

Economic importance:

• Bee plants   (fide Econ Pl Aust)
  
• Environmental: ornamental   (fide Econ Pl Aust; Invasive Pl Spec)
  
• Materials: essential oils; gum/resin; wood   (source of niaouli or gomen oil, substitute of cajeput oil fide Pl Res SEAs 19:127. 1999; Duke & du Cellier 1993; Bottlebrush; Invasive Pl Spec)
  
• Medicines: folklore   (fide Econ Pl Aust)
  
• Weed: also potential seed contaminant   (fide Rep NCEPPC; Castanea 61:252. 1996; Invasive Pl Spec)
  

Distributional range:

• ASIA-TROPICAL
  Malesia: Papua New Guinea
• AUSTRALASIA
  Australia: Australia - New South Wales, Queensland
• PACIFIC
  Southwestern Pacific: New Caledonia

• naturalized in s. Africa, s.e. United States, West Indies, & Hawaii

References:

• Austin, D. F. 1996. Econ. Bot. 50:25. [mentions].
• Blake, S. T. & C. Roff. 1958. The honey flora of south-eastern Queensland. (Honey F SE Queensl)
• Center for Aquatic and Invasive Plants. Florida state list aquatic & wetland noxious weeds - from Department of Environmental Protection - on-line document. (FL AquaNoxweed)
• Conant, P. et al. 1997. Appendix. Selected plant species interfering with resource management goals in North American natural areas. In J. O. Luken & J. W. Thieret, eds., Assessment and management of plant invasions. (Pl Invasion)
• Craven, L. A. & B. J. Lepschi. 1999. Enumeration of the species and infraspecific taxa of Melaleuca (Myrtaceae) occurring in Australia and Tasmania. Austral. Syst. Bot. 12:899.
• Dray, F. A., Jr. et al. 2006. Invasion history of Melaleuca quinquenervia (Cav.) S. T. Blake in Florida. Castanea 71:210–225.
• Food and Agriculture Organization of the UN (FAO). 2010. Ecocrop - on-line resource. (Ecocrop)
• Hnatiuk, R. J. 1990. Census of Australian vascular plants. Australian Flora and Fauna Series No. 11. (L Aust)
• Lazarides, M. & B. Hince. 1993. CSIRO Handbook of Economic Plants of Australia. (Econ Pl Aust)
• Leung, A. Y. & S. Foster. 1996. Encyclopedia of common natural ingredients used in food, drugs, and cosmetics, ed. 2. (Ency CNatIn) [mentions].
• Oyen, L. P. A. & Nguyen Xuan Dung, eds. 1999. Essential-oil plants. Plant Resources of South-East Asia (PROSEA). (Pl Res SEAs) 19:127; 131–135. [mentions].
• Seed Regulatory and Testing Branch, Agricultural Marketing Service, U.S.D.A. 1999. State noxious-weed seed requirements recognized in the administration of the Federal Seed Act. (State Noxweed Seed)
• Serbesoff-King, K. 2003. Melaleuca in Florida: a literature review on the taxonomy, distribution, biology, ecology, economic importance and control measures. J. Aquatic Pl. Managem. 41:98–112.
• USDA National Agricultural Library. National Invasive Species Information Center (Nat Invasive Sp Info)
• Weber, E. 2003. Invasive plant species of the world: a reference guide to environmental weeds. (Invasive Pl Spec)
• Wrigley, J. W. & M. Fagg. 1993. Bottlebrushes, paperbarks and tea trees. (Bottlebrush)

More:

Search AGRICOLA article citation database for citations referencing Melaleuca quinquenervia.

Search NCBI's Entrez search engine for PubMed citations referencing Melaleuca quinquenervia. Note: Defaults to a search by genus or species epithet if species binomial not found.

Synonyms:

• (≡) Metrosideros quinquenervia Cav. (basionym)
  

Check other databases for Melaleuca quinquenervia (Cav.) S. T. Blake:

• AVH: Australia's Virtual Herbarium Map Display Interface
• PLANTS: USDA-NRCS Database of Plants of the United States and its Territories
• Mansfeld: Mansfeld's World Database of Agricultural and Horticultural Crops
• ICRA: International Cultivar Registration Authority for Melaleuca quinquenervia cultivars
• ePIC: Electronic Plant Information Centre of Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew
• AGRICOLA: Article Citation Database or NAL Catalog of USDA's National Agricultural Library
• Entrez: NCBI's search engine for PubMed citations, GenBank sequences, etc.
  Note: Defaults to a search by genus or species epithet if species binomial not found.

Images:

• Forestry Images: from www.forestryimages.org

More:

• Check PlantSystematics.org for additional images
• Images Note: Be advised that their identity may be inaccurate. Proper identification of a plant may require specialized taxonomic knowledge or comparison with properly documented herbarium material.

Abbreviations & symbols in GRIN Taxonomy

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