Taxon: Cichorium intybus L.

A declared aquatic or terrestrial noxious weed and/or noxious-weed seed in these U.S. states (see state noxious weed lists), with links to state information or web documents:

CO*.

ªAquatic.

*Terrestrial.

°In seed.

Link to noxious weed information from

Common names:

• Belgium endive   (Source: Food Feed Crops US ) – English
  
• chicory   (Source: World Econ Pl ) – English
  
• coffee chicory   (Source: Dict Rehm [as C. intybus var. sativum]) – English
  
• French endive   (Source: Mansfeld [as C. intybus var. foliosum]) – English
  
• succory   (Source: Dict Gard ) – English
  
• witloof   (Source: Dict Gard ) – English
  
• ju ju   (Source: F ChinaEng ) – Transcribed Chinese
  
• chicon   (Source: Mansf Ency ) – French
  
• chicorée   (Source: Mansfeld ) – French
  
• chicorée à café   (Source: L Noms French ed7 ) – French
  
• chicorée de Bruxelles   (Source: Dict Rehm ) – French
  
• chicorée sauvage   (Source: L Noms French ed7 ) – French
  
• endive   (Source: L Noms French ed7 ) – French
  
• endive witloof   (Source: Dict Rehm ) – French
  
• witloof   (Source: L Noms French ed7 ) – French
  
• Chicorée   (Source: Zander ed14 ) – German
  
• Fleischkraut   (Source: Zander Ency ) – German
  
• Kaffeezichorie   (Source: Zander ed14 ) – German
  
• Salatzichorie   (Source: Dict Rehm ) – German
  
• Wegwarte   (Source: Mansfeld ) – German
  
• Wurzelzichorie   (Source: Zander ed14 ) – German
  
• cicoria   (Source: Mult Glossary Crops ) – Italian
  
• radicchio   (Source: Mansfeld ) – Italian
  
• achicoria de Bruselas   (Source: Dict Rehm ) – Spanish
  
• achicoria de café   (Source: Dict Rehm ) – Spanish
  
• achicoria de raíz   (Source: Dict Rehm ) – Spanish
  
• cikoria   (Source: Vara kulturvaxt namn ) – Swedish
  

More:

see MMPND for additional names in foreign scripts

Economic importance:

• Food additives: dietary fiber   (source of fructan fide Biol Util Comp 2:111. 1996)
  
• Food additives: flavoring   (fide Ency CNatIn)
  
• Human food: beverage base   (fide Ency CNatIn)
  
• Medicines: folklore   (fide CRC MedHerbs ed2; Herbs Commerce ed2)
  
• Vertebrate poisons: mammals   (fide Cooper & Johnson ed2)
  
• Weed: potential seed contaminant   (fide Geigy Weed Tables. 1968)
  

More:

View toxicology references for Cichorium intybus from FDA Poisonous Plant Database

View phytochemical or ethnobotanical data from Duke's Phytochemical and Ethnobotanical Databases

Distributional range:

• AFRICA
  Northern Africa: Tunisia
• ASIA-TEMPERATE
  Western Asia: Afghanistan; Cyprus; Iran; Iraq; Jordan; Lebanon; Syria; Turkey
  Caucasus: Armenia; Azerbaijan; Georgia; Russian Federation - Ciscaucasia
  Siberia: Russian Federation - Eastern Siberia, Western Siberia
  Middle Asia: Kazakhstan; Kyrgyzstan; Tajikistan; Turkmenistan; Uzbekistan
• ASIA-TROPICAL
  Indian Subcontinent: India - Himachal Pradesh, Jammu and Kashmir, Madhya Pradesh, Punjab; Pakistan
• EUROPE
  Northern Europe: Denmark; Sweden; United Kingdom
  Middle Europe: Austria; Belgium; Czech Republic; Germany; Hungary; Netherlands; Poland; Slovakia; Switzerland
  East Europe: Estonia; Latvia; Lithuania; Ukraine [incl. Krym]
  Southeastern Europe: Albania; Bosnia and Herzegovina; Bulgaria; Croatia; Greece [incl. Crete]; Italy [incl. Sicily]; Macedonia; Montenegro; Romania; Serbia; Slovenia
  Southwestern Europe: France [incl. Corsica]; Spain [incl. Baleares]

• AFRICA
  Macaronesia: Portugal - Azores
  Northern Africa: Algeria; Morocco
  Northeast Tropical Africa: Eritrea; Ethiopia
  West-Central Tropical Africa: Zaire
  Southern Africa: Lesotho; South Africa
• ASIA-TEMPERATE
  Arabian Peninsula: Oman
  China: China
  Eastern Asia: Taiwan
• AUSTRALASIA
  Australia: Australia
  New Zealand: New Zealand
• EUROPE
  Northern Europe: Ireland; Norway
  East Europe: Moldova
  Southwestern Europe: Portugal
• NORTHERN AMERICA
  Eastern Canada: Canada - New Brunswick, Newfoundland, Nova Scotia, Ontario, Quebec; St. Pierre and Miquelon
  Western Canada: Canada - Alberta, British Columbia, Manitoba, Saskatchewan
  Northeastern U.S.A.: United States - Connecticut, Indiana, Maine, Massachusetts, Michigan, New Hampshire, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, Vermont
  North-Central U.S.A.: United States - Illinois, Iowa, Kansas, Missouri
  Southeastern U.S.A.: United States - Arkansas, North Carolina
  South-Central U.S.A.: United States - Texas
  Southwestern U.S.A.: United States - California, Nevada, Utah
• SOUTHERN AMERICA
  Northern South America: Venezuela - Tachira
  Southern South America: Argentina; Chile; Uruguay

• EUROPE
  Northern Europe: Finland

• AFRICA
  Northeast Tropical Africa: Sudan
• ASIA-TROPICAL
  Indian Subcontinent: India
  Indo-China: Myanmar
• AUSTRALASIA
  Australia: Australia
  New Zealand: New Zealand
• EUROPE
  Northern Europe: Denmark; United Kingdom
  Middle Europe: Austria; Belgium; Czech Republic; Germany; Netherlands; Poland; Slovakia
  East Europe: Russian Federation - European part
  Southeastern Europe: Italy; Romania
  Southwestern Europe: France; Spain
• NORTHERN AMERICA
  Canada
  United States
• lesser cultivated elsewhere

• exact native range obscure

References:

• Afonin, A. N., S. L. Greene, N. I. Dzyubenko, & A. N. Frolov, eds. Interactive agricultural ecological atlas of Russia and neighboring countries. Economic plants and their diseases, pests and weeds (on-line resource).
• Aldén, B., S. Ryman & M. Hjertson. 2009. Våra kulturväxters namn - ursprung och användning. Formas, Stockholm (Handbook on Swedish cultivated and utility plants, their names and origin).
• Allan, H. H. B. et al. 1961–. Flora of New Zealand.
• CIBA-GEIGY, Basel, Switzerland. 1974. The CIBA-GEIGY Weed Tables.
• Cooper, M. R. & A. W. Johnson. 1998. Poisonous plants and fungi in Britain: animal and human poisoning.
• Davis, P. H., ed. 1965–1988. Flora of Turkey and the east Aegean islands.
• Demilly, D. et al. 2001. Liste alphabétique des principales espèces de plantes cultivées et de mauvaises herbes. Noms latins et noms français, ed. 7.
• Desprez, B. F. et al. 1994. Genetique et amelioration de la chicoree industrielle (Genetics and breeding of industrial chicory). 80(7):47–62. [Comptes Rendus de l'Academie d'Agriculture de France].
• Duke, J. A. et al. 2002. CRC Handbook of medicinal herbs.
• Encke, F. et al. 1984. Zander: Handwörterbuch der Pflanzennamen, 13. Auflage.
• Encke, F. et al. 1993. Zander: Handwörterbuch der Pflanzennamen, 14. Auflage.
• Euro+Med Editorial Committee. Euro+Med Plantbase: the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity (on-line resource).
• FNA Editorial Committee. 1993–. Flora of North America.
• Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO). 2010. Ecocrop (on-line resource).
• Germishuizen, G. & N. L. Meyer, eds. 2003. Plants of southern Africa: an annotated checklist. Strelitzia 14.
• Ghazanfar, S. A. 1992. An annotated catalogue of the vascular plants of Oman. Scripta Botanica Belgica 2.
• Gleason, H. A. & A. Cronquist. 1963. Manual of vascular plants of northeastern United States and adjacent Canada.
• Hanelt, P., ed. 2001. Mansfeld's encyclopedia of agricultural and horticultural crops. Volumes 1-6.
• Hedberg, I. & S. Edwards. 1989–. Flora of Ethiopia. (and Eritrea. 2000)
• Hnatiuk, R. J. 1990. Census of Australian vascular plants. Australian Flora and Fauna Series No. 11.
• Hokche, O. et al. 2008. Nuevo catálogo de la flora vascular de Venezola.
• Holm, L. et al. 1979. A geographical atlas of world weeds.
• Hu, S.-Y. 1970. Compositae of China. 48.
• Huxley, A., ed. 1992. The new Royal Horticultural Society dictionary of gardening.
• Institute of Pacific Islands Forestry. Pacific Island Ecosystems at Risk (PIER): plant threats to Pacific ecosystems (on-line resource).
• Instituto de Botánica Darwinion. 2008. Flora del Conosur. Catálogo de las plantas vasculares.
• International Seed Testing Association. 1982. A Multilingual Glossary of Common Plant-Names 1. Field crops, grasses and vegetables, ed. 2.
• Jardin botanique national de Belgique. 1967–. Flore du Congo, du Rwanda et du Burundi (Flore d'Afrique centrale).
• John, P. 1996. Control of fructan metabolism in the Compositae. In: Caligari, P. D. S. & D. J. N. Hind, eds., Compositae: biology and utilization. 2:111–119.
• Jørgensen, P. M. & S. León-Yánez, eds. 1999. Catalogue of the vascular plants of Ecuador. Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 75.
• Kiers, A. M. 2000. Endive, chicory, and their wild relatives. A systematic and phylogenetic study of Cichorium (Asteraceae). Gorteria supp. 5:61–65.
• Komarov, V. L. et al., eds. 1934–1964. Flora SSSR.
• Kunkel, G. 1984. Plants for human consumption.
• Lazarides, M. & B. Hince. 1993. CSIRO Handbook of Economic Plants of Australia.
• Leung, A. Y. & S. Foster. 1996. Encyclopedia of common natural ingredients used in food, drugs, and cosmetics, ed. 2. 161–162.
• Li, H. L. et al., eds. 1975–1979. Flora of Taiwan.
• Liberty Hyde Bailey Hortorium. 1976. Hortus third.
• Mansfeld, R. 1959. Die Kulturpflanze, Beiheft 2. [= C. intybus var. foliosum].
• Markle, G. M. et al., eds. 1998. Food and feed crops of the United States, ed. 2.
• McGuffin, M., J. T. Kartesz, A. Y. Leung, & A. O. Tucker. 2000. Herbs of commerce, ed. 2.
• Porcher, M. H. et al. Searchable World Wide Web Multilingual Multiscript Plant Name Database (MMPND) (on-line resource).
• Radford, A. E. et al., eds. 1980–. Vascular flora of the southeastern United States.
• Rechinger, K. H., ed. 1963–. Flora iranica.
• Rehm, S. & G. Espig. 1991. The cultivated plants of the tropics and subtropics.
• Rehm, S. 1994. Multilingual dictionary of agronomic plants.
• Sell, P. & G. Murrell. 1996–. Flora of Great Britain and Ireland.
• Sharma, B. D. et al., eds. 1993–. Flora of India.
• Standley, P. C. & J. A. Steyermark. 1946–1976. Flora of Guatemala.
• Stewart, R. 1972. An annotated catalogue of the vascular plants of West Pakistan and Kashmir.
• Tutin, T. G. et al., eds. 1964–1980. Flora europaea.
• Wu Zheng-yi & P. H. Raven et al., eds. 1994–. Flora of China (English edition).

More:

Search AGRICOLA article citation database for citations referencing Cichorium intybus.

Search NCBI's Entrez search engine for PubMed citations referencing Cichorium intybus.

Search Biodiversity Heritage Library for historical publications referencing Cichorium intybus.

Synonyms:

• (=) Cichorium intybus var. foliosum Hegi
  
• (=) Cichorium intybus var. sativum (Bisch.) Janch.
  

Check other web resources for Cichorium intybus L.:

• Flora Europaea: Database of European Plants (ESFEDS)
• Euro+Med Plantbase: Information Resource for Euro-Mediterranean Plant Diversity
• Flora of North America: Collaborative Floristic Effort of North American Botanists
• PLANTS: USDA-NRCS Database of Plants of the United States and its Territories
• BONAP: North American Plant Atlas of the Biota of North America Program
• Flora del Conosur: Catálogo de las Plantas Vasculares del Conosur
• Flora of China: Online version from Harvard University
• AVH: Australia's Virtual Herbarium
• SIBIS: South African National Biodiversity Institute's (SANBI) Integrated Biodiversity System
• TROPICOS: Nomenclatural and Specimen Database of the Missouri Botanical Garden
• Mansfeld: Mansfeld's World Database of Agricultural and Horticultural Crops
• ePIC: Electronic Plant Information Centre of Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew
• AGRICOLA: Article Citation Database or NAL Catalog of USDA's National Agricultural Library
• Entrez: NCBI's search engine for PubMed citations, GenBank sequences, etc.

Images:

• GRIN Images of germplasm accessions.
• Forestry Images: from www.forestryimages.org
• Fruits: U.S. National Seed Herbarium image
• Fruits: Seed ID Workshop image, from Department of Horticulture and Crop Science, Ohio State University

More:

• Check PlantSystematics.org for additional images
• Images Note: Be advised that their identity may be inaccurate. Proper identification of a plant may require specialized taxonomic knowledge or comparison with properly documented herbarium material.

Abbreviations & symbols in GRIN Taxonomy

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