Taxon: Cichorium endivia L.

See also subordinate taxa:

• Cichorium endivia subsp. endivia (15 accessions)
• Cichorium endivia subsp. pumilum (3 accessions)

Common names:

• endive   (Source: BSBI ) – English
  
• endive   (Source: World Econ Pl ) – English   [Cichorium endivia subsp. endivia]
  
• escarole   (Source: CultTropS ) – English   [Cichorium endivia subsp. endivia]
  
• Andijvie   (Source: S. Staten, p.c.) – Dutch   [Cichorium endivia subsp. endivia]
  
• chicon   (Source: C. Feuillet, p.c.) – French   [Cichorium endivia subsp. endivia]
  
• chicorée endive   (Source: Dict Rehm ) – French   [Cichorium endivia subsp. endivia]
  
• Endivie   (Source: Dict Rehm ) – German   [Cichorium endivia subsp. endivia]
  
• endivia   (Source: Mansfeld ) – Italian   [Cichorium endivia subsp. endivia]
  
• chicória   (Source: Dict Rehm ) – Portuguese   [Cichorium endivia subsp. endivia]
  
• escarola   (Source: Dict Rehm ) – Spanish   [Cichorium endivia subsp. endivia]
  
• escarola crespa   (Source: Dict Rehm ) – Spanish   [Cichorium endivia subsp. endivia]
  

Economic importance:

• View phytochemical or ethnobotanical data from Duke's Phytochemical and Ethnobotanical Databases

Distributional range:

• AFRICA
  Macaronesia: Portugal - Madeira Islands; Spain - Canary Islands
  Northern Africa: Algeria [n.]; Egypt; Libya; Morocco; Tunisia
• ASIA-TEMPERATE
  Western Asia: Cyprus; Iran; Iraq; Israel; Jordan; Lebanon; Syria; Turkey
  Caucasus: Armenia; Azerbaijan
• EUROPE
  Southeastern Europe: Albania; Bulgaria; Former Yugoslavia; Greece [incl. Crete]; Italy [incl. Sicily]
  Southwestern Europe: France [incl. Corsica]; Portugal; Spain

• widely cultivated

References:

• PROTABASE, the information base of PROTA (Plant Resources of Tropical Africa) - on-line resource. (PROTABASE)
• Botanical Society of the British Isles. 2007. BSBI checklist. (BSBI)
• Correll, D. S. & M. C. Johnston. 1970. Manual of the vascular plants of Texas. (F Tex)
• Davis, P. H., ed. 1965–1988. Flora of Turkey and the east Aegean islands. (F Turk)
• Encke, F. et al. 1984. Zander: Handwörterbuch der Pflanzennamen, 13. Auflage. (Zander ed13)
• Food and Agriculture Organization of the UN (FAO). 2010. Ecocrop - on-line resource. (Ecocrop)
• Hu, S.-Y. 1970. Compositae of China. (Comp China) 48.
• Izquierdo Z., I. et al., eds. 2004. Lista de especies silvestres de Canarias: hongos, plantas y animales terrestres. (L Canaries)
• Komarov, V. L. et al., eds. 1934–1964. Flora SSSR. (F USSR)
• Liberty Hyde Bailey Hortorium. 1976. Hortus third. (Hortus 3)
• Scoggan, H. J. 1978–1979. The flora of Canada, 4 vol. (F Canada)
• Siemonsma, J. S. & Kasem Piluek, eds. 1993. Vegetables. Plant Resources of South-East Asia (PROSEA). (Pl Res SEAs) 8:142–144.
• Stewart, R. 1972. An annotated catalogue of the vascular plants of West Pakistan and Kashmir. (L Pak)
• Tutin, T. G. et al., eds. 1964–1980. Flora europaea. (F Eur)

More:

Search AGRICOLA article citation database for citations referencing Cichorium endivia.

Search NCBI's Entrez search engine for PubMed citations referencing Cichorium endivia. Note: Defaults to a search by genus or species epithet if species binomial not found.

Synonyms:

• Cichorium divaricatum Schousb. [= Cichorium endivia subsp. pumilum]
  
• Cichorium endivia var. crispum Lam. [= Cichorium endivia subsp. endivia]
  (previously associated with 11 accessions)
• Cichorium endivia subsp. divaricatum (Schousb.) P. D. Sell [= Cichorium endivia subsp. pumilum]
  (previously associated with 1 accession)
• Cichorium endivia var. latifolium Lam. [= Cichorium endivia subsp. endivia]
  (previously associated with 7 accessions)
• Cichorium intybus subsp. pumilum (Jacq.) Ball [≡ Cichorium endivia subsp. pumilum]
  
• Cichorium pumilum Jacq. [≡ Cichorium endivia subsp. pumilum]
  

Check other databases for Cichorium endivia L.:

• Flora Europaea: Database of European Plants (ESFEDS)
• Euro+Med Plantbase: Information Resource for Euro-Mediterranean Plant Diversity
• PROTABASE: Plant Resources of Tropical Africa's (PROTA's) online resource
• ePIC: Electronic Plant Information Centre of Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew
• AGRICOLA: Article Citation Database or NAL Catalog of USDA's National Agricultural Library
• Entrez: NCBI's search engine for PubMed citations, GenBank sequences, etc.
  Note: Defaults to a search by genus or species epithet if species binomial not found.

Images:

• GRIN Images of germplasm accessions.
• Fruits: Seed ID Workshop image, from Department of Horticulture and Crop Science, Ohio State University

More:

• Check PlantSystematics.org for additional images
• Images Note: Be advised that their identity may be inaccurate. Proper identification of a plant may require specialized taxonomic knowledge or comparison with properly documented herbarium material.

Abbreviations & symbols in GRIN Taxonomy

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