Taxon: Eruca vesicaria (L.) Cav. subsp. sativa (Mill.) Thell.

See other conspecific taxa:

• Eruca vesicaria (5 accessions)
• Eruca vesicaria subsp. pinnatifida (6 accessions)
• Eruca vesicaria subsp. vesicaria (no accessions)

Common names:

• arugula   (Source: Food Feed Crops US [as E. sativa]) – English
  
• edible rocket   (Source: F NAmer ) – English
  
• garden rocket   (Source: World Econ Pl ) – English
  
• Italian cress   (Source: Zander Ency [as E. sativa]) – English
  
• rocket   (Source: Wild Crop Rel Oils ) – English
  
• rocket-salad   (Source: Hortus 3 ) – English
  
• Roman rocket   (Source: Mansf Ency ) – English
  
• rugula   (Source: Hortus 3 ) – English
  
• salad rocket   (Source: World Econ Pl ) – English
  
• gargir   (Source: Wild Crop Rel Oils ) – Arabic
  
• girgir   (Source: Wild Crop Rel Oils ) – Arabic
  
• jirjeer   (Source: Ill L Qatar [as E. sativa]) – Arabic
  
• zhi ma cai   (Source: F ChinaEng ) – Transcribed Chinese
  
• salatsennep   (Source: Wild Crop Rel Oils ) – Danish
  
• roquette   (Source: Dict Rehm [as E. sativa]) – French
  
• Ölrauke   (Source: Dict Rehm [as E. sativa]) – German
  
• Garten-Senfrauke   (Source: Wild Crop Rel Oils ) – German
  
• Rauke   (Source: Zander Ency [as E. sativa]) – German
  
• Rukola   (Source: Zander Ency [as E. sativa]) – German
  
• Senfrauke   (Source: Dict Rehm [as E. sativa]) – German
  
• jamba   (Source: Pl Book [as E. sativa]) – India
  
• taramira   (Source: Dict Rehm [as E. sativa]) – India
  
• ruca   (Source: Mansf Ency ) – Italian
  
• ruchetta   (Source: Mansf Ency ) – Italian
  
• rucola   (Source: Wild Crop Rel Oils ) – Italian
  
• rucola   (Source: Flow India ) – Malay
  
• rokietta siewna   (Source: Wild Crop Rel Oils ) – Polish
  
• rábano-silvestre   (Source: Dict Rehm [as E. sativa]) – Portuguese
  
• mindau   (Source: Wild Crop Rel Oils ) – Russian
  
• oruga común   (Source: Dict Rehm [as E. sativa]) – Spanish
  
• roqueta   (Source: Dict Rehm [as E. sativa]) – Spanish
  
• senapskål   (Source: Vara kulturvaxt namn ) – Swedish
  
• roka   (Source: Wild Crop Rel Oils ) – Turkish
  

Economic importance:

• Food additives: flavoring   (fide Genet Res Charact Ut 5:143. 2007, as spice in sauces or prepared mustard)
  
• Human food: oil/fat   (seeds are source of Jamba oil or Taramira oil fide Use Pl WT Afr, as E. sativa)
  
• Human food: vegetable   (fide Genet Res Charact Ut 5:143. 2007, as pungent or non-pungent vegetable for salads)
  
• Animal food: fodder   (fide F Iraq, as E. sativa)
  
• Gene sources: primary genetic relative of arugula   (fide Genet Res Crop Evol DOI 10.1007/s10722-011-9738-x)
  
• Gene sources: tertiary genetic relative of kale   (fide Euphytica 158:215. 2007 as E. vesicaria, this review cites studies reporting hybrids with Brassica oleracea)
  
• Gene sources: tertiary genetic relative of mustard   (fide Euphytica 158:215. 2007 as E. vesicaria, this review cites one study reporting hybrids with Brassica juncea)
  
• Gene sources: tertiary genetic relative of radish   (based on records of hybrid formation with Raphanus sativus fide Guide Germ Brassica)
  
• Gene sources: tertiary genetic relative of rape   (fide Euphytica 158:215. 2007 as E. vesicaria, this review cites studies reporting hybrids with Brassica napus)
  
• Gene sources: tertiary genetic relative of turnip   (fide Biol Breed Crucifer 264. 2009 as E. sativa, this review cites a study reporting sexual hybrids with Brassica rapa)
  
• Weed: potential seed contaminant   (fide F Iran, as E. sativa; Cruc NAmer)
  

Distributional range:

• AFRICA
  Northern Africa: Algeria [n.]; Egypt [n.]; Libya [n.]; Morocco; Tunisia
  Northeast Tropical Africa: Chad [n.]
• ASIA-TEMPERATE
  Western Asia: Afghanistan; Cyprus; Iran; Iraq; Israel; Jordan; Lebanon; Syria; Turkey
  Caucasus: Armenia; Azerbaijan; Russian Federation - Ciscaucasia, Dagestan
  Middle Asia: Turkmenistan
  Mongolia: Mongolia
  China: China - Gansu, Guangdong, Hebei, Heilongjiang, Jiangsu, Liaoning, Nei Monggol, Shaanxi, Shanxi, Sichuan, Xinjiang
• ASIA-TROPICAL
  Indian Subcontinent: Pakistan
• EUROPE
  East Europe: Ukraine - Krym
  Southeastern Europe: Bulgaria; Greece [incl. Crete]; Italy - Sardinia, Sicily; Romania [s.]; Serbia [e.]
  Southwestern Europe: France [s. & Corsica]; Portugal; Spain [incl. Baleares]

• AFRICA
  Macaronesia: Portugal - Madeira Islands; Spain - Canary Islands
  Northeast Tropical Africa: Ethiopia; Sudan
  South Tropical Africa: Zimbabwe
  Southern Africa: South Africa
• ASIA-TEMPERATE
  Arabian Peninsula: Bahrain; Kuwait; Oman; Qatar; Saudi Arabia; United Arab Emirates; Yemen
  Siberia: Russian Federation - Eastern Siberia, Western Siberia
  Eastern Asia: Japan - Honshu
• ASIA-TROPICAL
  Indian Subcontinent: India
• AUSTRALASIA
  Australia: Australia
  New Zealand: New Zealand
• EUROPE
  Northern Europe: Norway [s.]; Sweden [s.]
  Middle Europe: Austria; Germany; Hungary; Switzerland
  East Europe: Estonia; Latvia; Lithuania; Russian Federation - European part [w.]; Ukraine
  Southeastern Europe: Albania; Bosnia and Herzegovina; Croatia; Italy; Macedonia; Montenegro; Romania; Serbia; Slovenia
  Southwestern Europe: France
• NORTHERN AMERICA
  Canada
  Mexico
  United States
• SOUTHERN AMERICA
  Western South America: Ecuador - Loja
  Southern South America: Argentina; Chile

• AFRICA
  Northern Africa: Algeria; Egypt; Libya; Morocco; Tunisia
  Northeast Tropical Africa: Chad; Eritrea; Ethiopia; Sudan
  West Tropical Africa: Mali; Mauritania; Niger
• ASIA-TROPICAL
  Indian Subcontinent: India [n. & c.]; Pakistan
• EUROPE
  Europe [s.]
• NORTHERN AMERICA
  Canada
  United States
• lesser cultivated elsewhere

• exact native range obscure

References:

• PROTABASE, the information base of PROTA (Plant Resources of Tropical Africa) (on-line resource).
• Ali, S. I. & S. M. H. Jafri, eds. 1976–. Flora of Libya. [= E. sativa Mill.].
• Davis, P. H., ed. 1965–1988. Flora of Turkey and the east Aegean islands. [= E. sativa Mill.].
• Eriksson, O. et al. 1979. Flora of Macaronesia: checklist of vascular plants, ed. 2.
• FNA Editorial Committee. 1993–. Flora of North America.
• FitzJohn, R. G. et al. 2007. Hybridisation within Brassica and allied genera: evaluation of potential for transgene escape. Euphytica 158:209–230. [this review cites studies reporting hybrid formation between this taxon (as E. vesicatia) with Brassica juncea, B. napus].
• Girija, T. & Tabish. Flowers of India (on-line resource).
• Greuter, W. et al., eds. 1984–. Med-Checklist. [= E. sativa Mill.].
• Hedberg, I. & S. Edwards. 1989–. Flora of Ethiopia. (and Eritrea. 2000)
• Instituto de Botánica Darwinion. 2008. Flora del Conosur. Catálogo de las plantas vasculares. [= E. vesicaria (L.) Cav.].
• Iwatsuki, K. et al. 1993–. Flora of Japan.
• Jørgensen, P. M. & S. León-Yánez, eds. 1999. Catalogue of the vascular plants of Ecuador. Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 75. [= E. vesicaria (L.) Cav.].
• Krasnoborov, I. M., ed. 2000–. Flora of Siberia (English translation).
• Markle, G. M. et al., eds. 1998. Food and feed crops of the United States, ed. 2. [= E. sativa Mill.].
• Nasir, E. & S. I. Ali, eds. 1970–. Flora of [West] Pakistan. [= E. sativa Mill.].
• Pignone, D. & C. Gómez-Campo. 2011. Chapter 8. Eruca. In: Kole, C., ed., Wild crop relatives: genomic and breeding resources, oilseeds. 145–160.
• Qiong, H. et al. 2009. Chapter 13. Introgression of genes from wild crucifers. In: Gupta, S. K., Biology and breeding of Crucifers. 261–308. [this review recognized this taxon as Eruca sativa citing sexual hybridization records with Brassica rapa].
• Rechinger, K. H., ed. 1963–. Flora iranica. [= E. sativa Mill.].
• Rollins, R. C. & I. A. Al-Shehbaz. 1986. Weeds of south-west Asia in North America with special reference to the Cruciferae. Proc. Roy. Soc. Edinburgh 89B:294.
• Rollins, R. C. 1993. The Cruciferae of continental North America.
• Sharma, B. D. et al., eds. 1993–. Flora of India.
• Tutin, T. G. et al., eds. 1964–1980. Flora europaea.
• Warwick, S. I. et al. 2006. Brassicaceae: Species checklist and database on CD-Rom. Pl. Syst. Evol. 259:249–258.
• Warwick, S. I. et al. 2007. Genetic variation in Eruca vesicaria (L.) Cav. Pl. Genet. Resources Charact. Util. 5:142–153.
• Warwick, S. I. et al. 2009. PART III. Interspecific and intergeneric hybridization data. In: Warwick, S.I. et al., Guide to wild germplasm of Brassica and allied crops (Tribe Brassiceae, Brassicaceae), ed. 3 (on-line resource). 1–91.
• Warwick, S. I. 1995. New taxonomic views within Eruca and Diplotaxis genera in the light of hybridization and molecular findings. In S. Padulosi, ed., Rocket Genetic Resources Network. Report of the first meeting, Lisbon, Portugal. IPGRI, Rome. Rocket Genet. Res. Netw. 22–35.
• Wu Zheng-yi & P. H. Raven et al., eds. 1994–. Flora of China (English edition).
• van Treuren, R. et al. 2011. Genetic resources collections of leafy vegetables (lettuce, spinach, chicory, artichoke, asparagus, lamb's lettuce, rhubarb and rocket salad): composition and gaps. Genet. Resources Crop Evol. DOI 10.1007/s10722–011–9738–x. [= E. sativa Mill.].

Synonyms:

• (≡) Brassica eruca L.
  
• (=) Brassica erucoides Roxb.
  
• (=) Eruca longirostris Uechtr.
  (previously associated with 1 accession)
• (≡) Eruca sativa Mill. (basionym)
  (previously associated with 257 accessions)
• (=) Eruca sativa subsp. longirostris (Uechtr.) Jahand. & Maire
  (previously associated with 3 accessions)
• (=) Eruca stenocarpa Boiss. & Reut.
  (previously associated with 1 accession)

Check other web resources for Eruca vesicaria (L.) Cav. subsp. sativa (Mill.) Thell.:

• Flora Europaea: Database of European Plants (ESFEDS)
• Flora of North America: Collaborative Floristic Effort of North American Botanists
• PLANTS: USDA-NRCS Database of Plants of the United States and its Territories
• Flora del Conosur: Catálogo de las Plantas Vasculares del Conosur
• Flora of China: Online version from Harvard University
• SIBIS: South African National Biodiversity Institute's (SANBI) Integrated Biodiversity System
• On-line Flora of Zimbabwe
• TROPICOS: Nomenclatural and Specimen Database of the Missouri Botanical Garden
• Mansfeld: Mansfeld's World Database of Agricultural and Horticultural Crops
• PROTABASE: Plant Resources of Tropical Africa's (PROTA's) online resource

Images:

• GRIN Images of germplasm accessions.
• Fruit: U.S. National Seed Herbarium image
• Seed: U.S. National Seed Herbarium image
• Seeds: U.S. National Seed Herbarium image

More:

• Images Note: Be advised that their identity may be inaccurate. Proper identification of a plant may require specialized taxonomic knowledge or comparison with properly documented herbarium material.

Abbreviations & symbols in GRIN Taxonomy

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