Taxon: Centaurea nigra L.

• Check PlantSearch database of Botanic Gardens Conservation International for possible non-NPGS germplasm.

A declared aquatic or terrestrial noxious weed and/or noxious-weed seed in these U.S. states (see state noxious weed lists), with links to state information or web documents:

CO°, WA*°, WY°.

ªAquatic.

*Terrestrial.

°In seed.

Link to noxious weed information from

Common names:

• black knapweed   (Source: State Noxweed Seed ) – English
  
• common knapweed   (Source: F BritStace ) – English
  
• lesser knapweed   (Source: Dict Gard ) – English
  
• Spanish-buttons   (Source: Hortus 3 ) – English
  
• centaurée noire   (Source: F NAmer ) – French
  
• schwarze Flockenblume   (Source: Zander ed16 ) – German
  
• svartklint   (Source: Vara kulturvaxt namn ) – Swedish
  

Economic importance:

• Weed   (fide Hortus 3)
  

More:

View ethnobotanical data from Duke's Phytochemical and Ethnobotanical Databases

Distributional range:

• AFRICA
  Northern Africa: Morocco
• EUROPE
  Northern Europe: Ireland; Norway; United Kingdom
  Middle Europe: Belgium; Germany; Netherlands
  Southeastern Europe: Croatia; Italy
  Southwestern Europe: France; Portugal; Spain

• AUSTRALASIA
  Australia: Australia
  New Zealand: New Zealand
• EUROPE
  Northern Europe: Denmark; Sweden
  Middle Europe: Austria
• NORTHERN AMERICA
  Eastern Canada: Canada - New Brunswick, Newfoundland, Nova Scotia, Ontario, Prince Edward Island, Quebec; St. Pierre and Miquelon
  Western Canada: Canada - British Columbia
  Northeastern U.S.A.: United States - Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, Michigan, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Ohio, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, Vermont, West Virginia
  North-Central U.S.A.: United States - Illinois, Iowa, Missouri, Wisconsin
  Northwestern U.S.A.: United States - Idaho, Montana, Oregon, Washington
  Southeastern U.S.A.: United States - Delaware, Kentucky, Maryland, Virginia
  Southwestern U.S.A.: United States - California
• SOUTHERN AMERICA
  Southern South America: Chile

• EUROPE
  Middle Europe: Czech Republic; Poland

References:

• Aldén, B., S. Ryman & M. Hjertson. 2009. Våra kulturväxters namn - ursprung och användning. Formas, Stockholm (Handbook on Swedish cultivated and utility plants, their names and origin).
• Allan, H. H. B. et al. 1961–. Flora of New Zealand.
• Black, J. M. 1943–1957. Flora of Southern Australia, ed. 2.
• Clapham, A. R. et al. 1962. Flora of the British Isles ed. 2.
• Davis, P. H., ed. 1965–1988. Flora of Turkey and the east Aegean islands.
• Erhardt, W. et al. 2000. Zander: Handwörterbuch der Pflanzennamen, 16. Auflage.
• Euro+Med Editorial Committee. Euro+Med Plantbase: the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity (on-line resource).
• FNA Editorial Committee. 1993–. Flora of North America.
• Gleason, H. A. & A. Cronquist. 1963. Manual of vascular plants of northeastern United States and adjacent Canada.
• Hitchcock, C. L. et al. 1955–1969. Vascular plants of the Pacific Northwest.
• Hnatiuk, R. J. 1990. Census of Australian vascular plants. Australian Flora and Fauna Series No. 11.
• Holm, L. et al. 1979. A geographical atlas of world weeds.
• Huxley, A., ed. 1992. The new Royal Horticultural Society dictionary of gardening.
• Instituto de Botánica Darwinion. 2008. Flora del Conosur. Catálogo de las plantas vasculares.
• Kartesz, J. T. 1994. A synonymized checklist of the vascular flora of the United States, Canada, and Greenland.
• Lazarides, M. & B. Hince. 1993. CSIRO Handbook of Economic Plants of Australia.
• Liberty Hyde Bailey Hortorium. 1976. Hortus third.
• Ochsmann, J. 2001. Knapweeds (Centaurea L. and some related genera) in North America. In: Ochsmann, J., Welcome to the Centaurea pages.
• Parsons, W. T. & E. G. Cuthbertson. 1992. Noxious weeds of Australia.
• Radford, A. E. et al., eds. 1980–. Vascular flora of the southeastern United States.
• Scoggan, H. J. 1978–1979. The flora of Canada, 4 vol.
• Seed Regulatory and Testing Branch, Agricultural Marketing Service, U.S.D.A. 1999. State noxious-weed seed requirements recognized in the administration of the Federal Seed Act.
• Sell, P. & G. Murrell. 1996–. Flora of Great Britain and Ireland.
• Stace, C. 1995. New flora of the British Isles.
• Steyermark, J. A. 1977. Flora of Missouri.
• Tutin, T. G. et al., eds. 1964–1980. Flora europaea.
• Willis, J. H. 1970–1972. A handbook to plants in Victoria.

More:

Search AGRICOLA article citation database for citations referencing Centaurea nigra.

Search NCBI's Entrez search engine for PubMed citations referencing Centaurea nigra.

Search Biodiversity Heritage Library for historical publications referencing Centaurea nigra.

Check other web resources for Centaurea nigra L.:

• Flora Europaea: Database of European Plants (ESFEDS)
• Euro+Med Plantbase: Information Resource for Euro-Mediterranean Plant Diversity
• Flora of North America: Collaborative Floristic Effort of North American Botanists
• PLANTS: USDA-NRCS Database of Plants of the United States and its Territories
• BONAP: North American Plant Atlas of the Biota of North America Program
• Flora del Conosur: Catálogo de las Plantas Vasculares del Conosur
• AVH: Australia's Virtual Herbarium
• TROPICOS: Nomenclatural and Specimen Database of the Missouri Botanical Garden
• ePIC: Electronic Plant Information Centre of Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew
• AGRICOLA: Article Citation Database or NAL Catalog of USDA's National Agricultural Library
• Entrez: NCBI's search engine for PubMed citations, GenBank sequences, etc.

Images:

• Forestry Images: from www.forestryimages.org

More:

• Check PlantSystematics.org for additional images
• Images Note: Be advised that their identity may be inaccurate. Proper identification of a plant may require specialized taxonomic knowledge or comparison with properly documented herbarium material.

Abbreviations & symbols in GRIN Taxonomy

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