Taxon: Bacopa monnieri (L.) Pennell

A declared aquatic or terrestrial noxious weed and/or noxious-weed seed in these U.S. states (see state noxious weed lists), with links to state information or web documents:

CAª*.

ªAquatic.

*Terrestrial.

°In seed.

Link to noxious weed information from

Common names:

• bacopa   (Source: Herbs Commerce ed2 ) – English
  
• coastal water-hyssop   (Source: Native Pl Database ) – English
  
• herb-of-grace   (Source: Native Pl Database ) – English
  
• Indian-pennywort   (Source: Flow India ) – English
  
• farfakh   (Source: Weeds Saudi Arabia ) – Arabic
  
• adha-birni   (Source: Dict Rehm ) – India
  
• brahmi   (Source: Dict Rehm ) – India
  
• gundala   (Source: Flow India ) – India
  
• indravalli   (Source: Flow India ) – India
  
• safed chamni   (Source: Dict Rehm ) – India
  
• litet tjockblad   (Source: Vara kulturvaxt namn ) – Swedish
  

More:

see MMPND for additional names in foreign scripts

Economic importance:

• Environmental: ornamental   (fide Dict Gard)
  
• Medicines: folklore   (fide CRC MedHerbs ed2)
  

More:

View phytochemical or ethnobotanical data from Duke's Phytochemical and Ethnobotanical Databases

View ethnobotanical data from Moerman's Native American Ethnobotany Database

Distributional range:

• AFRICA
  Northeast Tropical Africa: Somalia
  West Tropical Africa: Nigeria
  South Tropical Africa: Mozambique [pantropic]
  Southern Africa: South Africa - KwaZulu-Natal; Swaziland [possibly]
  Western Indian Ocean: Madagascar
• ASIA-TEMPERATE
  China: China - Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Hainan, Yunnan
  Eastern Asia: Taiwan
• ASIA-TROPICAL
  Indian Subcontinent: Bhutan; India; Sri Lanka
  Indo-China: Cambodia; Laos; Thailand; Vietnam
  Malesia: Indonesia; Malaysia; Philippines
• AUSTRALASIA
  Australia: Australia - New South Wales [e.], Queensland [e.]
• NORTHERN AMERICA (Check conservation status in U.S. & Canada in NatureServe Explorer database)
  Southeastern U.S.A.: United States - Alabama, Florida, Georgia, Louisiana, Mississippi, North Carolina, South Carolina, Virginia [s.e.]
  South-Central U.S.A.: United States - Texas
  Mexico
• SOUTHERN AMERICA
  Caribbean: Bahamas; Barbados; Cuba; Dominican Republic; Grenada; Guadeloupe; Haiti; Jamaica; Martinique; Puerto Rico; St. Lucia; Trinidad and Tobago - Trinidad; Virgin Islands (British) - Tortola; Virgin Islands (U.S.)
  Mesoamerica: Belize; Costa Rica; El Salvador; Guatemala; Honduras; Nicaragua; Panama
  Northern South America: French Guiana
  Brazil: Brazil
  Western South America: Bolivia; Ecuador; Peru
  Southern South America: Argentina; Chile

• also cultivated

References:

• Acevedo-Rodríguez, P. et al. 1996. Flora of St. John, U.S. Virgin Islands. Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 78:1-581.
• Adams, C. 1972. Flowering plants of Jamaica.
• Aldén, B., S. Ryman & M. Hjertson. 2009. Våra kulturväxters namn - ursprung och användning. Formas, Stockholm (Handbook on Swedish cultivated and utility plants, their names and origin).
• Backer, C. A. & R. C. Bakhuizen van den Brink, Jr. 1963–1968. Flora of Java.
• Brako, L. & J. L. Zarucchi. 1993. Catalogue of the flowering plants and gymnosperms of Peru. Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 45.
• Brown, R. G. & M. L. Brown. 1984. Herbaceous plants of Maryland.
• Burger, W. C., ed. 1971–. Flora costaricensis.
• Chaudhary, S. A. 1987. Weeds of Saudi Arabia and theb Arabian Peninsula.
• Correll, D. S. & H. B. Correll. 1982. Flora of the Bahama archipelago.
• Dassanayake, M. D. & F. R. Fosberg, eds. 1980–. A revised handbook to the flora of Ceylon.
• Duke, J. A. et al. 2002. CRC Handbook of medicinal herbs.
• Encke, F. et al. 1984. Zander: Handwörterbuch der Pflanzennamen, 13. Auflage.
• Exell, A. W. et al., eds. 1960–. Flora zambesiaca.
• Germishuizen, G. & N. L. Meyer, eds. 2003. Plants of southern Africa: an annotated checklist. Strelitzia 14.
• Girija, T. & Tabish. Flowers of India (on-line resource).
• Godfrey, R. K. & J. W. Wooten. 1979–1981. Aquatic and wetland plants of southeastern United States, 2 vol.
• Grierson, A. J. C. & D. J. Long. 1984–. Flora of Bhutan including a record of plants from Sikkim.
• Harden, G. J., ed. 2002. Flora of New South Wales, ed. 2.
• Howard, R. 1974–1989. Flora of the lesser Antilles.
• Huxley, A., ed. 1992. The new Royal Horticultural Society dictionary of gardening.
• León (J. S. Sauget) & Alain (E. E. Liogier). 1946–1962. Flora de Cuba.; suppl. 1969
• Li, H. L. et al., eds. 1975–1979. Flora of Taiwan.
• Liogier, A. H. 1981–. Flora of Hispaniola: Part 1; La Flora de la Española. Part II-.
• Liogier, H. A. 1984–. Descriptive flora of Puerto Rico and adjacent islands.
• Macbride, J. F. et al., eds. 1936–1971. Flora of Peru.; new ser. 1980-
• McGuffin, M., J. T. Kartesz, A. Y. Leung, & A. O. Tucker. 2000. Herbs of commerce, ed. 2.
• Merrill, E. D. 1922–1926. An enumeration of Philippine flowering plants.
• Philcox, D. 1979. Clarification of the name Bacopa monnieri (Scrophulariaceae). Kew Bull. 33:679–680.
• Porcher, M. H. et al. Searchable World Wide Web Multilingual Multiscript Plant Name Database (MMPND) (on-line resource).
• Rehm, S. 1994. Multilingual dictionary of agronomic plants.
• Reitz, R., ed. 1965–. Flora ilustrada catarinense.
• Stanley, T. D. & E. M. Ross. 1983–1989. Flora of south-eastern Queensland.
• Stevens, W. D. et al., eds. 2001. Flora de Nicaragua. Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 85(1-3). [= B. "monnieri" (L.) Wettst.].
• Thulin, M., ed. 1993–. Flora of Somalia.
• University of Texas at Austin, Lady Bird Johnson Wildflower Center. Native Plant Information Network database (on-line resource).
• Vibrans, H., ed. Malezas de México (on-line resource).
• Wanderley, M. G. L., ed. 2001–. Flora fanerogâmica do Estado de São Paulo.
• Woodson, R. E. & R. W. Schery, eds. 1943–1980. Flora of Panama.
• Wu Zheng-yi & P. H. Raven et al., eds. 1994–. Flora of China (English edition).
• Zuloaga, F. O. & O. Morrone, eds. 1996. Catálogo de las plantas vasculares de la República Argentina. I. Pteridophyta, Gymnospermae y Angiospermae (Monocotyledonae), II. Dicotyledonae. Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 60, 74., 1999

More:

Search AGRICOLA article citation database for citations referencing Bacopa monnieri.

Search NCBI's Entrez search engine for PubMed citations referencing Bacopa monnieri.

Search Biodiversity Heritage Library for historical publications referencing Bacopa monnieri.

Synonyms:

• (=) Bacopa monnieria (L.) Wettst.
  
• (=) Gratiola monnieria L.
  
• (≡) Lysimachia monnieri L. (basionym)
  

Check other web resources for Bacopa monnieri (L.) Pennell:

• PLANTS: USDA-NRCS Database of Plants of the United States and its Territories
• BONAP: North American Plant Atlas of the Biota of North America Program
• Flora del Conosur: Catálogo de las Plantas Vasculares del Conosur
• Flora of China: Online version from Harvard University
• AVH: Australia's Virtual Herbarium
• SIBIS: South African National Biodiversity Institute's (SANBI) Integrated Biodiversity System
• TROPICOS: Nomenclatural and Specimen Database of the Missouri Botanical Garden
• Mansfeld: Mansfeld's World Database of Agricultural and Horticultural Crops
• ePIC: Electronic Plant Information Centre of Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew
• AGRICOLA: Article Citation Database or NAL Catalog of USDA's National Agricultural Library
• Entrez: NCBI's search engine for PubMed citations, GenBank sequences, etc.

Images:

• Flower: U.S. National Seed Herbarium image
• Seed: U.S. National Seed Herbarium image

More:

• Check PlantSystematics.org for additional images
• Images Note: Be advised that their identity may be inaccurate. Proper identification of a plant may require specialized taxonomic knowledge or comparison with properly documented herbarium material.

Abbreviations & symbols in GRIN Taxonomy

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