Taxon: Solanum elaeagnifolium Cav.

A declared aquatic or terrestrial noxious weed and/or noxious-weed seed in these U.S. states (see state noxious weed lists), with links to state information or web documents:

AL°, AR*°, AZ°, CA*°, CO°, FL°, GA°, HI*°, ID*°, KS°, LA°, MI*°, NM°, NV*°, OK*°, OR*, SC°, TX°, WA*°.

ªAquatic.

*Terrestrial.

°In seed.

Link to noxious weed information from

Common names:

• bull-nettle   (Source: Dict Gard ) – English
  
• prairie-berry   (Source: Websters Dict ) – English
  
• silverleaf bitter-apple   (Source: Weeds SAfr 2001 ) – English
  
• silverleaf nightshade   (Source: Noxweed Aust ) – English
  
• silverleaf-nettle   (Source: Dict Gard ) – English
  
• tomato-weed   (Source: Aust Pl Common Names ) – English
  
• white horse-nettle   (Source: J Adel BG ) – English
  
• satansbos   (Source: Weeds SAfr 2001 ) – Afrikaans
  
• arrebenta-cavalo   (Source: D. Groth, p.c. 2005) – Portuguese (Brazil)
  
• melãozinho-do-campo   (Source: D. Groth, p.c. 2005) – Portuguese (Brazil)
  
• trompillo   (Source: Dict Rehm ) – Spanish
  
• silverskatta   (Source: Vara kulturvaxt namn ) – Swedish
  

More:

see MMPND for additional names in foreign scripts

Economic importance:

• Vertebrate poisons: mammals   (to livestock fide Kingsbury)
  
• Weed: potential seed contaminant   (fide Econ Pl Aust; J Adel BG 4:54. 1981; Solan Biol Syst 48. 1986; Weeds SAfr 2001)
  

More:

View toxicology references for Solanum elaeagnifolium from FDA Poisonous Plant Database

View ethnobotanical data from Duke's Phytochemical and Ethnobotanical Databases

View ethnobotanical data from Moerman's Native American Ethnobotany Database

Distributional range:

• NORTHERN AMERICA (Check conservation status in U.S. & Canada in NatureServe Explorer database)
  North-Central U.S.A.: United States - Kansas, Missouri, Oklahoma
  Northwestern U.S.A.: United States - Colorado [s.w.]
  Southeastern U.S.A.: United States - Arkansas, Louisiana
  South-Central U.S.A.: United States - New Mexico, Texas
  Southwestern U.S.A.: United States - Arizona
  Mexico
• SOUTHERN AMERICA
  Southern South America: Argentina; Chile; Paraguay; Uruguay

• widely naturalized elsewhere

• probably not native in North America

References:

• Solanaceae source: a global taxonomic resource for the nightshade family (on-line resource).
• Aldén, B., S. Ryman & M. Hjertson. 2009. Våra kulturväxters namn - ursprung och användning. Formas, Stockholm (Handbook on Swedish cultivated and utility plants, their names and origin).
• Correll, D. S. & M. C. Johnston. 1970. Manual of the vascular plants of Texas.
• D'Arcy, W. G. 1974. Solanum and its close relatives in Florida. Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 61:847.
• Gómez-Pompa, A. & V. Sosa, eds. 1978–. Flora de Veracruz.
• Groth, D. 2005. pers. comm. [re. Brazilian common names].
• Henderson, L. 2001. Alien weeds and invasive plants: a complete guide to declared weeds and invaders in South Africa. Plant Protection Research Institute, Handbook 12.
• Henderson, M. et al. 1987. Declared weeds and alien invader plants in South Africa. Botanical Research Institute, bulletin 413.
• Holm, L. et al. 1979. A geographical atlas of world weeds.
• Huxley, A., ed. 1992. The new Royal Horticultural Society dictionary of gardening.
• Instituto de Botánica Darwinion. 2008. Flora del Conosur. Catálogo de las plantas vasculares.
• Integrated Botanical Information System (IBIS). Australian plant common name database (on-line resource).
• Kartesz, J. T. 1994. A synonymized checklist of the vascular flora of the United States, Canada, and Greenland.
• Kingsbury, J. M. 1964. Poisonous plants of the United States and Canada.
• Lazarides, M. & B. Hince. 1993. CSIRO Handbook of Economic Plants of Australia.
• Levin, R. A. et al. 2006. Phylogenetic relationships among the "spiny solanums" Solanum subgenus Leptostemonum, Solanaceae). Amer. J. Bot. 93:157–169.
• Martin, W. C. & C. R. Hutchins. 1980. A flora of New Mexico.
• Nee, M. 1999. Synopsis of Solanum in the New World. In: Nee, M. et al., eds., Solanaceae IV: advances in biology and utilization. 319.
• Parsons, W. T. & E. G. Cuthbertson. 1992. Noxious weeds of Australia.
• Porcher, M. H. et al. Searchable World Wide Web Multilingual Multiscript Plant Name Database (MMPND) (on-line resource).
• Rehm, S. 1994. Multilingual dictionary of agronomic plants.
• Seed Regulatory and Testing Branch, Agricultural Marketing Service, U.S.D.A. 1999. State noxious-weed seed requirements recognized in the administration of the Federal Seed Act.
• Shreve, F. & I. L. Wiggins. 1964. Vegetation and flora of the Sonoran desert.
• Symon, D. E. 1981. A revision of the genus Solanum in Australia. J. Adelaide Bot. Gard. 4:1–367.
• Tutin, T. G. et al., eds. 1964–1980. Flora europaea.
• Wiggins, I. L. 1980. Flora of Baja California.
• Zuloaga, F. O. & O. Morrone, eds. 1996. Catálogo de las plantas vasculares de la República Argentina. I. Pteridophyta, Gymnospermae y Angiospermae (Monocotyledonae), II. Dicotyledonae. Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 60, 74., 1999
• Webster's third new international dictionary.

More:

Search AGRICOLA article citation database for citations referencing Solanum elaeagnifolium.

Search NCBI's Entrez search engine for PubMed citations referencing Solanum elaeagnifolium.

Search Biodiversity Heritage Library for historical publications referencing Solanum elaeagnifolium.

Check other web resources for Solanum elaeagnifolium Cav.:

• Flora Europaea: Database of European Plants (ESFEDS)
• PLANTS: USDA-NRCS Database of Plants of the United States and its Territories
• BONAP: North American Plant Atlas of the Biota of North America Program
• Flora del Conosur: Catálogo de las Plantas Vasculares del Conosur
• TROPICOS: Nomenclatural and Specimen Database of the Missouri Botanical Garden
• Solanaceae Source: A global taxonomic resource for the nightshade family
• ePIC: Electronic Plant Information Centre of Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew
• AGRICOLA: Article Citation Database or NAL Catalog of USDA's National Agricultural Library
• Entrez: NCBI's search engine for PubMed citations, GenBank sequences, etc.

Images:

• Seed: U.S. National Seed Herbarium image
• Seeds or fruits: Seed ID Workshop image, from Department of Horticulture and Crop Science, Ohio State University

More:

• Check PlantSystematics.org for additional images
• Images Note: Be advised that their identity may be inaccurate. Proper identification of a plant may require specialized taxonomic knowledge or comparison with properly documented herbarium material.

Abbreviations & symbols in GRIN Taxonomy

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