Taxon: Alternanthera philoxeroides (Mart.) Griseb.

• Check PlantSearch database of Botanic Gardens Conservation International for possible non-NPGS germplasm.

A declared aquatic or terrestrial noxious weed and/or noxious-weed seed in these U.S. states (see state noxious weed lists), with links to state information or web documents:

AL("Althernanthera")ª*, AZª*°, CAª, FLª, PRª, SCª, TXª.

ªAquatic.

*Terrestrial.

°In seed.

Link to noxious weed information from

Link to species profile at

Common names:

• alligator-weed   (Source: World Econ Pl ) – English
  
• xi han lian zi cao   (Source: F ChinaEng ) – Transcribed Chinese
  
• piriquito   (Source: D. Groth, p.c. 2005) – Portuguese (Brazil)
  

Economic importance:

• Environmental: ornamental   (aquarium plant fide Dict Gard; Invasive Pl Spec)
  
• Animal food: forage   (fide Mansf Ency)
  
• Medicines: folklore   (fide Pl Res SEAs 12(1):108. 1999)
  
• Weed: potential seed contaminant   (fide Econ Pl Aust; Castanea 61:232-243. 1996; Invasive Pl Spec)
  

Distributional range:

• SOUTHERN AMERICA
  Northern South America: French Guiana; Guyana; Suriname; Venezuela
  Brazil: Brazil
  Western South America: Bolivia; Peru
  Southern South America: Argentina [n.]; Paraguay; Uruguay

• ASIA-TEMPERATE
  China: China
  Eastern Asia: Taiwan
• AUSTRALASIA
  Australia: Australia
  New Zealand: New Zealand
• NORTHERN AMERICA
  United States
• SOUTHERN AMERICA
  Caribbean: West Indies

• ASIA-TEMPERATE
  China: China [c.]
• ASIA-TROPICAL
  Malesia: Indonesia - Java, Kalimantan
• NORTHERN AMERICA
  Southeastern U.S.A.: United States - Louisiana

References:

• Brako, L. & J. L. Zarucchi. 1993. Catalogue of the flowering plants and gymnosperms of Peru. Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 45.
• Buckingham, G. R. 1996. Biological control of alligatorweed, Alternanthera philoxeroides, the world's first aquatic weed success story. Castanea 61:232–243.
• Burkart, A. E., ed. 1969–. Flora ilustrada de Entre Rios.
• Center for Aquatic and Invasive Plants. Florida state list aquatic & wetland noxious weeds - from Department of Environmental Protection (on-line resource).
• Correll, D. S. & M. C. Johnston. 1970. Manual of the vascular plants of Texas.
• FNA Editorial Committee. 1993–. Flora of North America.
• Görts-van Rijn, A. R. A., ed. 1986–. Flora of the Guianas.
• Groth, D. 2005. pers. comm. [re. Brazilian common names].
• Hanelt, P., ed. 2001. Mansfeld's encyclopedia of agricultural and horticultural crops. Volumes 1-6.
• Hnatiuk, R. J. 1990. Census of Australian vascular plants. Australian Flora and Fauna Series No. 11.
• Holm, L. et al. 1979. A geographical atlas of world weeds.
• Huxley, A., ed. 1992. The new Royal Horticultural Society dictionary of gardening.
• Lazarides, M. & B. Hince. 1993. CSIRO Handbook of Economic Plants of Australia.
• Liberty Hyde Bailey Hortorium. 1976. Hortus third.
• Long, R. W. & O. Lakela. 1971. A flora of tropical Florida.
• Mears, J. A. 1978. The nomenclature and type collections of the widespread taxa of Alternanthera (Amaranthaceae). Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia 129:14–16.
• Padua, L. S. de et al., eds. 1999. Medicinal and poisonous plants 1. P. 12(1):108 in: Faridah Hanum, I. & L. J. G. van der Maesen, eds., Plant Resources of South-East Asia (PROSEA).
• Parsons, W. T. & E. G. Cuthbertson. 1992. Noxious weeds of Australia.
• Reitz, R., ed. 1965–. Flora ilustrada catarinense.
• Steyermark, J. A. et al., eds. 1995–. Flora of the Venezuelan Guayana.
• USDA National Agricultural Library. National Invasive Species Information Center (on-line resource).
• Weber, E. 2003. Invasive plant species of the world: a reference guide to environmental weeds.
• Woodson, R. E. & R. W. Schery, eds. 1943–1980. Flora of Panama. [mentions].
• Wu Zheng-yi & P. H. Raven et al., eds. 1994–. Flora of China (English edition).

More:

Search AGRICOLA article citation database for citations referencing Alternanthera philoxeroides.

Search NCBI's Entrez search engine for PubMed citations referencing Alternanthera philoxeroides.

Search Biodiversity Heritage Library for historical publications referencing Alternanthera philoxeroides.

Synonyms:

• (≡) Bucholzia philoxeroides Mart. (basionym)
  

Check other web resources for Alternanthera philoxeroides (Mart.) Griseb.:

• Flora of North America: Collaborative Floristic Effort of North American Botanists
• PLANTS: USDA-NRCS Database of Plants of the United States and its Territories
• BONAP: North American Plant Atlas of the Biota of North America Program
• Flora del Conosur: Catálogo de las Plantas Vasculares del Conosur
• Flora of China: Online version from Harvard University
• AVH: Australia's Virtual Herbarium
• TROPICOS: Nomenclatural and Specimen Database of the Missouri Botanical Garden
• Mansfeld: Mansfeld's World Database of Agricultural and Horticultural Crops
• ePIC: Electronic Plant Information Centre of Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew
• AGRICOLA: Article Citation Database or NAL Catalog of USDA's National Agricultural Library
• Entrez: NCBI's search engine for PubMed citations, GenBank sequences, etc.

Images:

• Forestry Images: from www.forestryimages.org

More:

• Check PlantSystematics.org for additional images
• Images Note: Be advised that their identity may be inaccurate. Proper identification of a plant may require specialized taxonomic knowledge or comparison with properly documented herbarium material.

Abbreviations & symbols in GRIN Taxonomy

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