Taxon: Solanum dulcamara L.

A declared aquatic or terrestrial noxious weed and/or noxious-weed seed in these U.S. states (see state noxious weed lists), with links to state information or web documents:

CT*, MI*°.

ªAquatic.

*Terrestrial.

°In seed.

Link to noxious weed information from

Common names:

• bitter nightshade   (Source: State Noxweed Seed ) – English
  
• bittersweet   (Source: Websters Dict ) – English
  
• bittersweet nightshade   (Source: World Econ Pl ) – English
  
• climbing nightshade   (Source: Der Marderosian ) – English
  
• dulcamara   (Source: Der Marderosian ) – English
  
• woody nightshade   (Source: Intermt F ) – English
  
• douce-amère   (Source: Zander ed17 ) – French
  
• morelle   (Source: Zander ed17 ) – French
  
• bittersüßer Nachtschatten   (Source: Zander ed17 ) – German
  
• besksöta   (Source: Vara kulturvaxt namn ) – Swedish
  

More:

see MMPND for additional names in foreign scripts

Economic importance:

• Medicines: folklore   (fide CRC MedHerbs ed2; Herbs Commerce ed2)
  
• Vertebrate poisons: mammals   (fide Pammel; BernhardSmith; Der Marderosian; Kingsbury; Cooper & Johnson ed2)
  
• Weed: potential seed contaminant   (fide Baileya 8:30. 1960; Hortus 3)
  

More:

View toxicology references for Solanum dulcamara from FDA Poisonous Plant Database

View phytochemical or ethnobotanical data from Duke's Phytochemical and Ethnobotanical Databases

Distributional range:

• AFRICA
  Northern Africa: Algeria; Morocco; Tunisia
• ASIA-TEMPERATE
  Western Asia: Afghanistan; Iran; Iraq; Lebanon; Syria; Turkey
  Caucasus: Armenia; Azerbaijan; Georgia; Russian Federation - Ciscaucasia, Dagestan
  Siberia: Russian Federation - Western Siberia
  Middle Asia: Turkmenistan
  Mongolia: Mongolia
  China: China - Hebei, Heilongjiang, Jilin, Liaoning, Nei Monggol, Qinghai, Sichuan [s.w.], Xinjiang, Yunnan [n.w.]
• ASIA-TROPICAL
  Indian Subcontinent: India [n.]; Nepal; Pakistan
• EUROPE
  Northern Europe: Denmark; Finland; Ireland; Norway; Sweden; United Kingdom
  Middle Europe: Austria; Belgium; Czechoslovakia; Germany; Hungary; Netherlands; Poland; Switzerland
  East Europe: Belarus; Estonia; Latvia; Lithuania; Moldova; Russian Federation - European part; Ukraine [incl. Krym]
  Southeastern Europe: Albania; Bulgaria; Former Yugoslavia; Greece; Italy; Romania
  Southwestern Europe: France; Portugal; Spain

• naturalized elsewhere

References:

• Solanaceae source: a global taxonomic resource for the nightshade family (on-line resource).
• Aldén, B., S. Ryman & M. Hjertson. 2009. Våra kulturväxters namn - ursprung och användning. Formas, Stockholm (Handbook on Swedish cultivated and utility plants, their names and origin).
• BernhardSmith, A. 1923. Poisonous plants of all countries, 2nd ed. [poisonous].
• Bohs, L. 2005. Major clades in Solanum based on ndhF sequence data. Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 104:27–49.
• Chinese Academy of Sciences. 1959–. Flora reipublicae popularis sinicae.
• Cooper, M. R. & A. W. Johnson. 1998. Poisonous plants and fungi in Britain: animal and human poisoning. [poisonous].
• Correll, D. S. 1962. The potato and its wild relatives. Contr. Texas Res. Found., Bot. Stud. 4:1-606. 35.
• Cronquist, A. et al. 1972–. Intermountain flora.
• Der Marderosian, A. & L. Liberti. 1988. Natural product medicine: a scientific guide to foods, drugs, cosmetics.
• Duke, J. A. et al. 2002. CRC Handbook of medicinal herbs.
• Erhardt, W. et al. 2002. Zander: Handwörterbuch der Pflanzennamen, 17. Auflage.
• Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO). 2010. Ecocrop (on-line resource).
• Huxley, A., ed. 1992. The new Royal Horticultural Society dictionary of gardening.
• Jahandiez, E. & R. Maire. 1931–1941. Catalogue des plantes du Maroc.
• Kingsbury, J. M. 1964. Poisonous plants of the United States and Canada. [poisonous].
• Knapp, S. & C. E. Jarvis. 1990. The typification of the names of New World Solanum species described by Linnaeus. Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 104:335.
• Komarov, V. L. et al., eds. 1934–1964. Flora SSSR.
• Lawrence, G. H. M. 1960. The cultivated species of Solanum. Baileya 8:30.
• Levin, R. A. et al. 2006. Phylogenetic relationships among the "spiny solanums" Solanum subgenus Leptostemonum, Solanaceae). Amer. J. Bot. 93:157–169.
• Liberty Hyde Bailey Hortorium. 1976. Hortus third.
• McGuffin, M., J. T. Kartesz, A. Y. Leung, & A. O. Tucker. 2000. Herbs of commerce, ed. 2.
• Mouterde, P. 1966–. Nouvelle flore du Liban et de la Syrie.
• Munro, D. B. Canadian poisonous plants information system (on-line resource).
• Nasir, E. & S. I. Ali, eds. 1970–. Flora of [West] Pakistan.
• Nee, M. 1999. Synopsis of Solanum in the New World. In: Nee, M. et al., eds., Solanaceae IV: advances in biology and utilization. 295.
• Pammel, L. H. 1911. Manual of poisonous plants. [poisonous].
• Porcher, M. H. et al. Searchable World Wide Web Multilingual Multiscript Plant Name Database (MMPND) (on-line resource).
• Pottier-Alapetite, G. 1979–1981. Flore de la Tunisie: Angiospermes-Dicotyledones.
• Quézel, P. & S. Santa. 1962–1963. Nouvelle flore de l'Algerie.
• Rechinger, K. H., ed. 1963–. Flora iranica.
• Seed Regulatory and Testing Branch, Agricultural Marketing Service, U.S.D.A. 1999. State noxious-weed seed requirements recognized in the administration of the Federal Seed Act.
• Symon, D. E. 1981. A revision of the genus Solanum in Australia. J. Adelaide Bot. Gard. 4:61.
• Tutin, T. G. et al., eds. 1964–1980. Flora europaea.
• Webster's third new international dictionary.

More:

Search AGRICOLA article citation database for citations referencing Solanum dulcamara.

Search NCBI's Entrez search engine for PubMed citations referencing Solanum dulcamara.

Search Biodiversity Heritage Library for historical publications referencing Solanum dulcamara.

Synonyms:

• (=) Solanum depilatum Kitag.
  (previously associated with 1 accession)
• (=) Solanum kitagawae Schönb.-Tem.
  (previously associated with 1 accession)

Check other web resources for Solanum dulcamara L.:

• Flora Europaea: Database of European Plants (ESFEDS)
• TROPICOS: Nomenclatural and Specimen Database of the Missouri Botanical Garden
• Solanaceae Source: A global taxonomic resource for the nightshade family
• Mansfeld: Mansfeld's World Database of Agricultural and Horticultural Crops
• ePIC: Electronic Plant Information Centre of Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew
• AGRICOLA: Article Citation Database or NAL Catalog of USDA's National Agricultural Library
• Entrez: NCBI's search engine for PubMed citations, GenBank sequences, etc.

Images:

• GRIN Images of germplasm accessions.
• Seed: U.S. National Seed Herbarium image

More:

• Check PlantSystematics.org for additional images
• Images Note: Be advised that their identity may be inaccurate. Proper identification of a plant may require specialized taxonomic knowledge or comparison with properly documented herbarium material.

Abbreviations & symbols in GRIN Taxonomy

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