Taxon: Solanum americanum Mill.

A declared aquatic or terrestrial noxious weed and/or noxious-weed seed in these U.S. states (see state noxious weed lists), with links to state information or web documents:

KS°.

ªAquatic.

*Terrestrial.

°In seed.

Link to noxious weed information from

Common names:

• American nightshade   (Source: F Tex ) – English
  
• black nightshade   (Source: Ann Mo BG 61:836.) – English
  
• glossy nightshade   (Source: Aust Pl Common Names ) – English
  
• small-flower nightshade   (Source: BSBI ) – English
  
• hierba mora negra   (Source: F Tex ) – Spanish
  
• amerikansk nattskatta   (Source: Vara kulturvaxt namn ) – Swedish
  

More:

see MMPND for additional names in foreign scripts

Economic importance:

• Human food: vegetable   (fide Prom Underused Crops 15:25. 1997)
  
• Weed: potential seed contaminant   (fide Ann Mo BG 4:836. 1974)
  

More:

View ethnobotanical data from Moerman's Native American Ethnobotany Database

Distributional range:

• NORTHERN AMERICA (Check conservation status in U.S. & Canada in NatureServe Explorer database)
  Northwestern U.S.A.: United States - Oregon, Washington
  Southeastern U.S.A.: United States - Alabama, Florida, Georgia [s.], Louisiana, Mississippi
  South-Central U.S.A.: United States - New Mexico, Texas
  Southwestern U.S.A.: United States - Arizona, California
  Mexico
• SOUTHERN AMERICA
  Caribbean: Antigua and Barbuda; Barbados; Cuba; Dominica; Grenada; Guadeloupe; Hispaniola; Jamaica; Martinique; Montserrat; Puerto Rico; St. Kitts and Nevis - St. Kitts; St. Lucia; St. Vincent and Grenadines - St. Vincent
  Mesoamerica: Costa Rica; El Salvador; Guatemala; Honduras; Nicaragua; Panama
  Northern South America: French Guiana; Guyana; Suriname; Venezuela
  Brazil: Brazil
  Western South America: Bolivia; Colombia; Ecuador; Peru
  Southern South America: Paraguay

• widely naturalized in tropics

• exact native range obscure

References:

• PROTABASE, the information base of PROTA (Plant Resources of Tropical Africa) (on-line resource).
• Solanaceae source: a global taxonomic resource for the nightshade family (on-line resource).
• Aldén, B., S. Ryman & M. Hjertson. 2009. Våra kulturväxters namn - ursprung och användning. Formas, Stockholm (Handbook on Swedish cultivated and utility plants, their names and origin).
• Botanical Society of the British Isles. BSBI taxon database (on-line resource).
• Brako, L. & J. L. Zarucchi. 1993. Catalogue of the flowering plants and gymnosperms of Peru. Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 45.
• Correll, D. S. & M. C. Johnston. 1970. Manual of the vascular plants of Texas.
• D'Arcy, W. G. 1974. Solanum and its close relatives in Florida. Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 61:834.
• Duncan, W. H. & J. T. Kartesz. 1981. Vascular flora of Georgia: an annotated checklist.
• Edmonds, J. M. & J. A. Chweya. 1997. Black nightshades. Solanum nigrum L. and related species. In: International Plant Genetic Resources Institute (IPGRI), Promoting the conservation and use of underutilized and neglected crops. 15:22.
• Edmonds, J. M. 1972. A synopsis of the taxonomy of Solanum sect. Solanum (Maurella) in South America. Kew Bull. 27:103.
• Exell, A. W. et al., eds. 1960–. Flora zambesiaca.
• Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO). 2010. Ecocrop (on-line resource).
• Freire de Varvalho, L. d'A. 1997. Diversidade taxônomica das Solanáceas no estado do Rio de Janeiro (Brasil) - II - Lycianthes e Solanum. Albertoa 4:284.
• George, A. S., ed. 1980–. Flora of Australia.
• Gómez-Pompa, A. & V. Sosa, eds. 1978–. Flora de Veracruz.
• Henderson, R. J. F. 1974. Solanum nigrum L. (Solanaceae) and related species in Australia. Contr. Queensland Herb. 16:33.
• Hickman, J. C., ed. 1993. The Jepson manual: higher plants of California.
• Howard, R. 1974–1989. Flora of the lesser Antilles.
• Humbert, J.-H., ed. 1936–. Flore de Madagascar et des Comores.
• IPGRI. New World Fruits Database (on-line resource).
• Integrated Botanical Information System (IBIS). Australian plant common name database (on-line resource).
• Kartesz, J. T. 1994. A synonymized checklist of the vascular flora of the United States, Canada, and Greenland.
• Martin, W. C. & C. R. Hutchins. 1980. A flora of New Mexico.
• Missouri Botanical Garden. W³Tropicos (on-line resource).
• Nee, M. 1999. Synopsis of Solanum in the New World. In: Nee, M. et al., eds., Solanaceae IV: advances in biology and utilization. 306.
• Porcher, M. H. et al. Searchable World Wide Web Multilingual Multiscript Plant Name Database (MMPND) (on-line resource).
• Schilling, E. E. et al. 1992. Common names and species identification in black nightshades Solanum sect. Solanum (Solanaceae). Econ. Bot. 46:223–225.
• Schilling, E. E. 1981. Systematics of Solanum sect. Solanum (Solanaceae) in North America. Syst. Bot. 6:181.
• Seed Regulatory and Testing Branch, Agricultural Marketing Service, U.S.D.A. 1999. State noxious-weed seed requirements recognized in the administration of the Federal Seed Act.
• Siemonsma, J. S. & Kasem Piluek, eds. 1993. Vegetables. In: Faridah Hanum, I. & L. J. G. van der Maesen, eds., Plant Resources of South-East Asia (PROSEA). 8:252.
• Symon, D. E. 1981. A revision of the genus Solanum in Australia. J. Adelaide Bot. Gard. 4:1–367.
• Thulin, M., ed. 1993–. Flora of Somalia.
• Tutin, T. G. et al., eds. 1964–1980. Flora europaea.
• Vibrans, H., ed. Malezas de México (on-line resource).
• Wunderlin, R. P. 1998. Guide to the vascular plants of Florida.

More:

Search AGRICOLA article citation database for citations referencing Solanum americanum.

Search NCBI's Entrez search engine for PubMed citations referencing Solanum americanum.

Search Biodiversity Heritage Library for historical publications referencing Solanum americanum.

Synonyms:

• (=) Solanum americanum var. nodiflorum (Jacq.) Edmonds
  
• (=) Solanum caribaeum Dunal
  
• (=) Solanum nodiflorum Jacq.
  (previously associated with 4 accessions)

Check other web resources for Solanum americanum Mill.:

• Flora Europaea: Database of European Plants (ESFEDS)
• PLANTS: USDA-NRCS Database of Plants of the United States and its Territories
• BONAP: North American Plant Atlas of the Biota of North America Program
• Flora del Conosur: Catálogo de las Plantas Vasculares del Conosur
• ABRS: Australian Biological Resources Study Flora of Australia online
• New World Fruits Database: Online database from Bioversity International
• TROPICOS: Nomenclatural and Specimen Database of the Missouri Botanical Garden
• Solanaceae Source: A global taxonomic resource for the nightshade family
• Mansfeld: Mansfeld's World Database of Agricultural and Horticultural Crops
• PROTABASE: Plant Resources of Tropical Africa's (PROTA's) online resource
• ePIC: Electronic Plant Information Centre of Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew
• AGRICOLA: Article Citation Database or NAL Catalog of USDA's National Agricultural Library
• Entrez: NCBI's search engine for PubMed citations, GenBank sequences, etc.

Images:

• Seed: U.S. National Seed Herbarium image

More:

• Check PlantSystematics.org for additional images
• Images Note: Be advised that their identity may be inaccurate. Proper identification of a plant may require specialized taxonomic knowledge or comparison with properly documented herbarium material.

Abbreviations & symbols in GRIN Taxonomy

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