Genus: Betula L.

List of Species Records in GRIN.
Complete List of Names from World Checklist Project of Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.

References for genus:

• Chen, Z.-D. et al. 1999. Phylogeny and evolution of the Betulaceae as inferred from DNA sequences, morphology, and paleobotany. Amer. J. Bot. 86:1168–1181.
  
• Govaerts, R. & D. G. Frodin. 1998. World checklist and bibliography of Fagales. (L Fagales)
  
• Järvinen, P. et al. 2004. Phylogenetic relationships of Betula species (Betulaceae) based on nuclear ADH and chloroplast matK sequences. Amer. J. Bot. 91:1834–1845.
  

More:

KBD: Kew Bibliographic Databases of Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew Note: Log on to KBD for better access.

Check other nomenclature databases for Betula:

• ING: Index Nominum Genericorum
• NCU-3e: Names in Current Use for Extant Plant Genera
• ICRA: International Cultivar Registration Authority (on-line resource). for Betula cultivars

Images:

• Embryo drawing (Betula ermanii): U.S. National Seed Herbarium drawing
• Forestry Images (Betula alleghaniensis): from www.forestryimages.org
• Forestry Images (Betula nana): from www.forestryimages.org
• Forestry Images (Betula nigra): from www.forestryimages.org
• Forestry Images (Betula occidentalis): from www.forestryimages.org
• Forestry Images (Betula papyrifera): from www.forestryimages.org
• Forestry Images (Betula pendula): from www.forestryimages.org
• Fruit (Betula ermanii): U.S. National Seed Herbarium image
• Seed (Betula lenta): U.S. National Seed Herbarium image
• Seed (Betula nana): U.S. National Seed Herbarium image
• Seed (Betula nigra): U.S. National Seed Herbarium image
• Seed (Betula papyrifera): U.S. National Seed Herbarium image
• Seed (Betula pendula): U.S. National Seed Herbarium image
• Seed (Betula populifolia): U.S. National Seed Herbarium image
• Seed (Betula pumila): U.S. National Seed Herbarium image
• Seeds (Betula ermanii): U.S. National Seed Herbarium image

More:

• Check PlantSystematics.org
• Check H. D. Wilson's Vascular Plant Image Library (Texas A. & M. University)

Abbreviations & symbols in GRIN Taxonomy

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