ANNUAL  REPORT

Calendar Year 2005

1.   NRSP-6: INTER-REGIONAL POTATO INTRODUCTION PROJECT    

Introduction, Classification, Preservation, Evaluation and Distribution of tuber-bearing  Solanum Species.

2.   COOPERATIVE AGENCIES AND PRINCIPAL LEADERS

United States Department of Agriculture 

Administrative Advisors

3.  PROGRESS AND PRINCIPAL ACCOMPLISHMENTS

A.     Introduction of New Stocks

Dr. Bamberg, Dr. Alfonso del Rio, and Charles Fernandez (US Potato Genebank) had a successful collecting expedition to the Huachuca Wilderness in southeast Arizona and the Santa Catalina Mountains near Tucson, Arizona in September of 2005 (supported with extramural funding from USDA).  They collected 14 new accessions, 13 of S. stoloniferum and one S. jamesii from the Chiricahua Wilderness.  For 50 years the only available germplasm from this area consisted of a few collections from spots easily accessible by road.  New collections were from sites accessible only through camping and extensive hiking.  This will be a test case of an important question about germplasm collecting:  Do samples from sites easy to access adequately represent the genetics in a geographic area, or is there much more work that should be done to access more remote sites?  They also collected two S. stolonifenum from the Santa Catalina Mountains, both near two previous herbarium collection sites.

A total of 22 accessions were assigned PI numbers in 2005: two PVY resistant varieties from the UK, five late blight resistant clones from Mexico, one S. soestii from Bolivia, and 14 accessions collected from the SW United States. These accessions are now available from the NRSP-6 Solanum germplasm collection.

Several steps were taken in the past year to promote and inform researchers of

NRSP-6’s services and stocks. The NRSP-6 web page (http://www.ars-grin.gov/nr6) has been updated and made more user friendly.  Clientele that have ordered from NRSP-6 in the past four years are contacted three times per year informing them of new materials that are now available either as true seed, tubers, in vitro plantlets, or herbarium samples.  A new service we are offering is dried ground leaf samples for DNA testing. For foreign requesters this is useful since there are no quarantine restrictions on dried material. 

B.  Preservation and Increase of Stocks

In 2005, a total of 175 accessions were increased as botanical seed populations.

A total of 900 potato spindle tuber viroid (PSTVd) tests were performed on seed increase parents, seedlots and research materials.  Germination tests were performed on 1199 accessions, ploidy determinations were made on nine accessions, and tetrazolium seed viability tests were done on 100 seedlots. 

Progress was made on several international collaborative projects.  We are working with CIP on a project to assess the impact of agrichemicals on pollen and seed viability of wild species (oral presentation at the PAA06).  We planned a study to look at the prevalence of hidden recessives and diversity of nematode resistance alleles in S. andigena with Russian (VIR) colleagues.

Work continued with Dr. C. Miller’s lab screening for antioxidants in uncolored wild potato species tubers.  Previous screening among species identified ones with promising levels of tuber antioxidant capacity.  Some diploid “Mexican” species seem to have high antioxidants in common:  S. cardiophyllum, S. jamesii, and S. pinnatisectum (paper submitted AJPR 3/2006).  Continued fine screening is discovering high levels of antioxidants in species that are more crossable to tuberosum and known to have acceptably low levels of glycoalkaloids. 

We explored the potential of using a potato-based in vitro Agrobacterium tumefaciens system to screen for anti-tumor factors.  The Potato Crop Germplasm Committee (CGC) also sponsored a funded grant proposal to screen for Potato Carboxypeptidase Inhibitor (PCI), a small heat-stable protein unique to potato that has been shown to efficiently inhibit proliferation of some of the most pernicious human cancers.

Frost resistant breeding work continues with recurrent selection of S. tuberosum, S. acaule and S. commersonii hybrids.  Materials are now maturing earlier with the introgression of very early varieties, and some selections have been confirmed to survive in vitro leaf freezing to –5^oC.   In a related study, substitution backcross families were used to show that cytoplasm is not a factor in the extreme frost hardiness of S. commersonii. 

We discovered a new floral development mutant in S. microdontum which we have named crazy sepal because it grows multiple (indeterminate) sets of sepals instead of anthers and pistils.  This is a potential tool for studying floral development, and may have other applications as a completely sterile mutant.  Progeny tests indicate monogenic recessive gene action.  Attempts to artificially restore fertility are in progress as well as the generation of DNA markers to tag the recessive cs₁ allele (short communication in AJPR).

Testing was continued in an effort to confirm and characterize apomixis in S. jamesii. 

A field tuberization location in Hawaii was tested and appears to be effective.  Until now, the only other way to produce tubers of wild species has been in winter greenhouse pots, and such tubers might not give a true indication of their potential value with respect to a variety of tuber traits.

Plant parts are known to vary widely for pH, but little is known about the variation, basis, or utility of pH extremes in potato tubers.  When pH was measured on species of the mini-core collection, replicates over years and populations gave rather consistent results, with S. polytrichon, S. pinnatisectum and S. papita being the most acidic. Cultivated species, S. verrucosum and S. okadae, were least acidic.  The observed range of pH (5.5-6.1) represents a 4-fold difference in H ion concentration.  We intend to fine-screen among genotypes within species to find the limits of tuber acidity, then characterize the physiology, genetics and impact on economic traits like disease resistances and processing quality (oral presentation at the PAA06).

We want to see if we can do more efficient research by combining many initiatives.  Solanum microdontum is remarkably extreme and variable for several characteristics (acid, potassium, calcium, late blight, and antioxidants). We will characterize all the S. mcd for these traits.  We also want to collect and analyze DNA to see if gross genetic differences are a guide to variation for useful traits.

C. Classification

Dr. Spooner et al. have published and are working on five different areas of potato research: 1) a manual on the use of molecular markers for genebank studies, 2) on studies in cultivated potato origins,  3) on molecular investigations of relationships in wild tomatoes and potatoes, 4)on an exploration of the predictive power of taxonomy relative to disease resistance data, 5) on a molecular linkage map of late blight in wild potatoes.

D.  Distribution

NRSP-6 distributed 3,929 units of seed (not including in-house use); 135 tuber families; 1,106 tuber clones; 732 in vitro stocks; 368 DNA samples; and 157 plants in plugs  to clientele in 30 states of the USA and 12 other countries.  Internally NRSP-6 used 13,566 units of seed for seed backup, chromosome counts, germination tests, identification and taxonomic check plantings, in vitro maintenance, seed increases, PSTV tests, and miscellaneous plantings.  The volume and types of stocks sent to various consignee categories are summarized in the table below.

VOLUME AND TYPES OF STOCKS DISTRIBUTED

¹ Types of stocks sent/(number of seeds, tubers or plantlets per standard shipping unit): S= True Seeds/(50),  TF= Tuber Families/(10), 

   TS=Tuber Stocks/(3), IVS=In Vitro Stocks/(1), DNA=DNA samples(1), PL=Plants in plugs/(1), Her= Herbarium/(1).

² Includes chromosome counts, germination tests, ID and Taxonomic check plantings, in vitro maintenance, seed increases, PSTV tests, miscellaneous plantings, and NSSL seed backup.

E.  Visitors From Other Countries

Dr. D. Rios                         Canary Islands

4.  USEFULNESS OF FINDINGS

NRSP-6's purpose is to provide a ready source of raw materials, technology and information to support potato enhancement, breeding and research in the USA and around the world.  Thus, one way the success of NRSP-6 can be measured is by the occurrence of NRSP-6 germplasm in the pedigrees of new, improved potato cultivars.  Another is in the use of NRSP-6 stocks in more basic research programs, which is reflected in publications that provide information that ultimately contribute to better exploitation of the germplasm resource.

Four cultivar releases were published in the American Journal of Potato Research in 2005: ‘Dakota Pearl’, ‘Millenium Russet’, ‘Sierra Gold’, and ‘Summit Russet’.  Four verticillium wilt resistant germplasm releases were published in AJPR.  All of these are known to have wild species in their pedigrees.

Section 6 lists 100 papers, 45 abstracts, and 3 theses which report the use of NRSP-6 Solanum introductions this year.

5.  WORK PLANNED FOR 2006

Fast and accurate delivery of high quality germplasm and information will continue to be the general objective of NRSP-6.  We also aim to raise awareness of the germplasm resource through an advertising/outreach program, and by conducting and publishing research that demonstrates new ways the germplasm can be useful for potato improvement.

Evaluation experiments will continue on Solanum species for these and other traits: antioxidants, tuber acidity, apomixis, crazy sepal mutant, sugar end disorder, frost hardiness, tuber calcium, hormone mutants, and anti-cancer compounds.

APIC Intergenebank projects, researching the status and dynamics of genetic diversity using DNA markers, will continue to strengthen ties with sister genebanks around the world.

6.  PUBLICATIONS ISSUED DURING THE YEAR

A.     Publications issued by NRSP-6 Personnel

Bamberg, J.B. and A.H. del Rio.  2004.  Hypothetical obscured recessive traits in tetraploid Solanum estimated by RAPDs.  Am. J. Potato Res. 81:76.  (Abstract)

Bamberg, J.B., J.P. Palta, and S.E. Vega.  2005.  Solanum commersonii cytoplasm does not improve freezing tolerance in substitution backcross hybrids with frost-sensitive potato species.  Am. J. Potato Res. 82:251-254.

Busse, J., J.B. Bamberg and J.P. Palta.  2005.  Genetic variations for calcium accumulation efficiency in tuber and aerial shoot tissue.  Am. J. Potato Res. 82:60.  (Abstract)

del Rio, A.H. and J.B. Bamberg.  2004.  Geographical parameters and proximity to related species predict genetic variation in the inbred potato species Solanum verrucosum Schlechtd.  Am. J. Potato Res. 81:55.  (Abstract)

del Rio, Alfonso, J.B. Bamberg and C. Fernandez.  2005.  Assessment of the genetic structure of in situ populations of wild potato Solanum fendleri eco-geographically dispersed in the Chiricahua Mountains, Arizona, USA.  Presented at 89th Annual Meeting of The Potato Association of America, Calgary, Canada, July 17-21, 2005.  (Abstract)

del Rio, A.H., J.B. Bamberg and Z. Huaman.  2005.  Assessment of putative identical germplasm collections at CIP and US Potato genebanks determined by RAPD and SSR markers.  Am. J. Potato Res. 82:66.  (Abstract)

Fernandez, C.J. and J.B. Bamberg.  2005.  A new Solanum fendleri mutant lacking purple pigment.  Am. J. Potato Res. 82:69.  (Abstract)

Kiru, S., S. Makovskaya, J. Bamberg, and A. del Rio.  2005.  New sources of resistance to race Ro1 of the Golden nematode (Globodera rostochiensis Woll.) among reputed duplicate germplasm accessions of Solanum tuberosum L. subsp. andigena (Juz. et Buk.) Hawkes in the VIR (Russian) and US Potato Genebanks.  Genet. Resources and Crop Evol. 52:145-149.

Lara-Cabrera, S.I. and D.M. Spooner.  2004.  Taxonomy of North and Central American diploid wild potato (Solanum sect. Petota) species: AFLP data.  Pl. Syst. & Evol. 248:129-142.

Lara-Cabrera, S. and D.M. Spooner.  2005.  Taxonomy of Mexican diploid wild potatoes: (Solanum sect. Petota) morphological and microsatellite data.  Monogr. Syst. Bot., Missouri Bot. Gard. 104:199-205.

Lozoya-Saldana, H., O. Barrios and J. Bamberg.  2005.  Phytophthora infestans; races vs genotypes in the Toluca Valley, Mexico.  Am. J. Potato Res. 83:122.  (Abstract)

Moreyra, R., J.B. Bamberg and A.H. del Rio.  2004.  Genetic consequences of collecting tubers vs. seeds of wild potato species indigenous to the USA.  Am. J. Potato Res. 81:76.  (Abstract) 

Nzaramba, Ndambe M., John Bamberg, Douglas C. Scheuring, and J. Creighton Miller, Jr.  2005.  Antioxidant activity in Solanum species as influenced by seed type and growing location.  Presented at 89th Annual Meeting of The Potato Association of America, Calgary, Canada, July 17-21, 2005.  (Abstract)

Spooner, D.M. and W.L.A. Hetterscheid.  2005.  Origins, evolution, and group classification of cultivated potatoes.  In: Darwin’s Harvest: New Approaches to the Origins, Evolution, and Conservation of Crops.  T.J. Motley, N. Zerega, and H. Cross (eds.).  pp. 285-307.  Colombia University Press, New York.

Spooner, D.M., K. McLean, G. Ramsay, R. Waugh, and G.J. Bryan.  2005.  A single domestication for potato based on multilocus AFLP genotyping.  Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 120:14694-14699.

Spooner, D.M., J. Nunez, F. Rodriguez, P.S. Naik, and M. Ghislain.  2005.  Nuclear and chloroplast DNA reassessment of the origin of Indian potato varieties and its implications for the origin of the early European potato.  Theor. Appl. Genet. 110:1020-1026.

Spooner, D.M., I. Peralta and S. Knapp.  2005.  AFLP phylogeny of wild tomatoes (Solanum L. section Lycopersicon [Mill.] Wettst. subsection Lycopersicon.  Taxon. 54:43-61.

Vega, S.E., J.B. Bamberg and J.P. Palta.  2005.  Characterization of gibberellin requirements for various diploid and tetraploid gibberellin deficient mutants.  Am. J. Potato Res. 82:94.  (Abstract)

Vega, S.E., J.P. Palta and J.B. Bamberg.  2005.  Evidence for the mitigation of gibberellin deficiency symptoms by root zone calcium in GA-deficient mutants of potato.  Am. J. Potato Res. 82:94-95.  (Abstract)

Villamon, F.G., D.M. Spooner, M. Orillo, E. Mihovilovich, W. Perez, and M. Bonierbale.  2005.  Late blight resistance linkages in a novel cross of the wild potato species Solanum paucissectum (series Piurana).  Theor. Appl. Genet. 111:1201-1214. 

B.        Journal Articles and Abstracts Reporting Research with NRSP-6 Stocks

Albernino, S., D. Carputo, G. Caruso, M.R. Ercolano, and L. Frusciante.  2004.  Field performance of families and clones obtained through unilateral sexual polyploidization in potato (Solanum tuberosum).  Advances in Hort. Sci. 18(2):47-52.

Anjum, M.A. and Ali Hakoomat.  2004.  Effect of culture medium on direct organogenesis from different explants of various potato genotypes.  Biotech. 3:187-193.

Aversano, R., M.J. Sanchez, D. Carputo, L. Frusciante, and J.M. Bradeen.  2005.  Molecular strategies for the efficient characterization of resistance gene marker and allelic diversity in Solanum species.  Solanaceae Genome Workshop, Ischia, Italy, September 2005.  (Abstract)

Aversano, R., R.L. Syverson, E.A. Quirin, D. Carputo, and J.M. Bradeen.  2005.  Development of integrated molecular marker resources for resistance gene mapping and exploration of resistance gene diversity in the genus Solanum.  Presented at Annual Congress “Societa’ Italiana di Genetica Agraria XLIX”, Potenza, September 12-15, 2005.  (Abstract)

Aversano, R., R.L. Syverson, E.A. Quirin, D. Carputo, and J.M. Bradeen.  2005.  R gene mapping and isolation in the genus Solanum: Towards an expandable, communal resource of integrated physical and genetic maps for candidate R genes.  Presented at Triennial Conference of the European Assoc. for Potato Research XVI, Bilbao, Spain, July 2005.  (Abstract)

Aversano, R., E.A. Quirin, R.L. Syverson, D. Carputo, and J.M. Bradeen.  2005.  Development of integrated Solanum bulbocastanum genetic and physical maps as a communal resource for mapping and isolation of R genes.  Presented at Plant & Animal Genome XIII, San Diego, CA, January 2005.  (Abstract)

Belknap, W.R.  2005.  Modification of potato alkaloids- a lesson in applied metabolomics.  Presented at American Chemical Society, Agrochemicals Division Symposium, ACS National Meeting, San Diego, California, March 2005.  (Abstract)

Bisognin, D.A., D.S. Douches, L. Buszka, G. Bryan, and D. Wang.  2005.  Mapping late blight resistance in Solanum microdontum Bitter.  Crop Sci. 45:340-345.

Boltowicz, D., A. Szczerbakowa and B. Wielgat.  2005.  RAPD analysis of the interspecific somatic hybrids Solanum bulbocastanum (+) S. tuberosum.  Cell. Mol. Bio. Letters 10(1):151-162.

Braden, J.M., M.J. Sanchez, R.L. Syverson, R. Aversano, D.S. Mollov, and D. Carputo.  2005.  Understanding molecular diversity: towards strategic sampling of genebank collections.  Solanaceae Genome Workshop, Ischia, Italy, September 2005.  (Abstract)

Bradshaw, J.E., G.J. Bryan, M.F.B. Dale, K. McLean, and B. Pande.  2004.  Dissection and analyses of quantitative disease resistance in potatoes.  Aspects of Appl. Bio. 72:133-138.

Brown, C.R.  2005.  Antioxidants in Potato.  Am. J. Potato Res. 82:163-172.

Brown, C.R., D. Culley, C.P. Yang, R. Durst, and R. Wrolstad.  2005.  Variation of anthocyanins and Carotenoid contents and associated antioxidant values in potato breeding lines.  J. Am. Soc. Hort. Sci. 130:174-180.

Brown, C.R., W. De Jong and C.-P. Yang.  2005.  Inheritance of total Carotenoid in high-content diploid germplasm.  Presented at 89^th Annual Meeting of The Potato Association of America, Calgary, Canada, July 17-21, 2005.  (Abstract)

Bu QingYun, Wu Liang, Yang ShiHu, and Wan JianMin.  2005.  Cloning, characterization and expression vector construction of potato protease-inhibitor II gene (PIN II-2x) from diploid potato (Solanum phureja).  Hereditas 27:417-422.

Burkhart, C.R., B.J. Christ and K.G. Haynes.  2005.  The relative virulence of various isolates of Fusarium species on potato.  Presented at the American Phytopathology Meeting 2005.

Burkhart, C.R., B.J. Christ and K.G. Haynes.  2005.  Heritability of resistance to Fusarium dry rot in a diploid hybrid potato population.  Presented at the American Phytopathology Meeting 2005.

Camadro, E.L., D. Carputo and S.J. Peloquin.  2004.  Substitutes for genome differentiation in tuber-bearing Solanum: interspecific pollen-pistil incompatibility, nuclear-cytoplasmic male sterility, and endosperm.  Theor. Appl. Genetics 109:1369-1376.

Carputo, D. and A. Barone.  2005.  Ploidy level manipulations in potato through sexual hybridization.  Annals of Appl. Bio. 146:71-79.

Chen, Qin and H.Y. Li.  2005.  An improved technique for high-resolution mitotic chromosome studies in Solanum.  HortSci. 40:54-56.

Chen, Q., H.B. Zhang and D. De Koeyer.  2005.  Development of genomic tools for large-scale physical mapping and map-based cloning of disease and insect resistance genes in potato.  Presented at 89^th Annual Meeting of The Potato Association of America, Calgary, Canada, July 17-21, 2005.  (Poster Abstract)

Cooper, S.G., D.S. Douches and E.J. Grafius.  2004.  Combining genetic engineering and traditional breeding to provide elevated resistance in potatoes to Colorado potato beetle.  Ent. Exp. et Appli. 112(1):37-46.

Coombs, J.J., L.M. Franke and D.S. Douches.  2004.  An applied fingerprinting system for cultivated potato using simple sequence repeats.  Am. J. Potato Res. 81:243-250.

Costanzo, S., B.J. Christ, and K.G. Haynes.  2004.  Late blight resistance in a diploid full-sib potato family.  Plant Breeding 123(4):377-381. 

Costanzo, S., I. Simko, B.J. Christ, and K.G. Haynes.  2005.  QTL analysis of late blight resistance in a diploid potato family of Solanum phureja x S. stenotomum.  Theor. Appl. Genet. 111:609-617.

Davenport, J.R., P.H. Milburn, C.J. Rosen, and R.E. Thornton.  2005.  Environmental impacts of potato nutrient management.  Am. J. Potato Res. 82:321-328.

Davis, Jeffrey A., Edward B. Radcliffe, David W. Ragsdale, and Christian A. Thill.  2005.  Identifying resistance to aphids in crosses with somatic fusions of Solanum tuberosum L. and Solanum bulbocastanum Dun.  Presented at 89^th Annual Meeting of The Potato Association of America, Calgary, Canada, July 17-21, 2005.  (Abstract)

De Koeyer, D., Y. Pelletier, D. Ronis, C. Clark, and V. Burns.  2005.  Solanum oplocense: A new source of resistance to Colorado potato beetle and processing quality attributes.  Presented at 89^th Annual Meeting of The Potato Association of America, Calgary, Canada, July 17-21, 2005.  (Abstract)

Dinu, I.I., R.J. Hayes, R.G. Kynast, R.L. Phillips, and C.A. Thill.  2005.  Novel inter-series hybrids in Solanum, section Petota.  Theor. Appl. Genet. 110:403-415.

Ercolano, M.R., D. Carputo, J. Li, L. Monti, A. Barone, and L. Frusciante.  2004.  Assessment of genetic variability of haploids extracted from tetraploid (2n=4x=48) Solanum tuberosum.  Genome 47(4):33-638.

Estrada, Maria A. and David S. Douches.  2005.  Potato tuberworm (Lepidoptera: Gelichiidae) resistance in potato lines with the Bacillus thuringiensis-cry1Ac gene and natural resistance factors.  Presented at 89^th Annual Meeting of The Potato Association of America, Calgary, Canada, July 17-21, 2005.  (Poster Abstract)

Estrada-Luna, A.A., M. Garcia-Aguilar and J.P. Vielle-Calzada.  2004.  Female reproductive development and pollen tube growth in diploid genotypes of Solanum cardiophyllum Lindl.  Sexual Pl. Repro. 17:117-124.

Feingold, S., J. Lloyd, N. Norero, M. Bonierbale, and J. Lorenzen.  2005.  Mapping and characterization of new EST-derived microsatellites for potato (Solanum tuberosum L.).  Theor. Appl. Genet. 111:456-466.

Flis, B., J. Hennig, D. Strzelczyk-Zyta, C. Gebhardt, and W. Marczewski.  2005.  The Ry-f_sto gene from Solanum stoloniferum for extreme resistant to Potato virus Y maps to potato chromosome XII and is diagnosed by PCR marker GP122₇₁₈ in PVY resistant potato cultivars.  Molecular Breeding 15:95-101.

Ganga, Z.N., G.A. Porter, D. Lambert, G. Sewell, and A. Bushway.  2005.  Reeves Kingpin: A high yielding mid-season variety suitable for fry processing.  Presented at 89^th Annual Meeting of The Potato Association of America, Calgary, Canada, July 17-21, 2005.  (Poster Abstract)

Germain, H., E. Chevalier, S. Caron, and D.P. Matton.  2005.  Characterization of five RALF-like genes from Solanum chacoense provides support for a developmental role in plants.  Planta 220:447-454.

Gopal, J., Vinod Kumar and S.S. Thakur.  2004.  Hybrid and open-pollinated true potato seed production: some considerations.  J. Indian Potato Assoc. 31:13-20.

Gounaris, Y.  2005.  Asymmetric potato cybrids derived from protoplast fusion between the selection ND860-2 and the cultivar Russet Burbank.  J. Food, Ag. Environ. 3:157-160.

Groza, H.I., B.D. Bowen, D. Kichefski, S.J. Peloquin, W.R. Stevenson, A.J. Bussan, and J. Jiang.  2005.  Millennium Russet: A dual purpose russet potato variety.  Am. J. Potato Res. 82:211-219.

Hayes, R.J., I.I. Dinu and C.A. Thill.  2005.  Unilateral and bilateral hybridization barriers in inter-series crosses of 4x 2EBN Solanum stoloniferum, S. pinnatisectum, S. cardiophyllum, and 2x 2EBN S. tuberosum haploids and haploid-species hybrids.  Sexual Plant Reproduction 17:303-311.

Haynes, K.G. and B.J. Christ.  2005.  Improvements in foliar late blight resistance in a diploid hybrid Solanum phureja – S. stenotomum population.  Presented at 89^th Annual Meeting of The Potato Association of America, Calgary, Canada, July 17-21, 2005.  (Abstract)

Haynes, K.G., B.J. Christ, R.T. Zink, R.D. Davidson, and J.S. Miller.  2005.  Powdery scab trials of potato varieties and advanced selections in 2003.  Presented at 89^th Annual Meeting of The Potato Association of America, Calgary, Canada, July 17-21, 2005.  (Poster Abstract)

Iovene, M., A. Barone, L. Frusciante, L. Monti, and D. Carputo.  2004.  Selection for aneuploid potato hybrids combining a low wild genome content and resistance traits from Solanum commersonii.  Theor. Appl. Genetics 109:1139-1146.

Ishizaki, T. and A. Kato.  2005.  Introduction of the tobacco Retrotransposon Tto1 into diploid potato.  Plant Cell Reports 24(1):52-58.

Jakuczun, H. and I. Wasilewicz-Flis.  2004.  New sources of potato resistance to Phytophthora infestans at the diploid level.  Pl. Breed. Seed Sci. 50:137-145.

Jung, C.S., H.M. Griffiths, D.M. De Jong, S. Cheng, M. Bodis, and W.S. De Jong.  2005.  The potato P locus codes for flavonoid 3’,5’-hydroxylase.  Theor. Appl. Genetics 110:269-275.

Khu, D.M., S.L. Love and J.H. Lorenzen.  2005.  Identification of AFLP and SSR markers associated with corky ringspot disease resistance in a tetraploid population (Solanum tuberosum ssp. tuberosum).  Am. J. Potato Res. 83:117.  (Abstract)

Kim-Lee, Neiyoung, J.S. Moon, Y.J. Hong, M.S. Kim, and H.M. Cho.   2005.  Bacterial wilt resistance in the progenies of the fusion hybrids between haploid of potato and Solanum commersonii.  Am. J. Potato Res. 82:129-137.

Kirk, W.W., F.M. Abu-El Samena, J.B. Muhinyuzaa, R. Hammerschmidt, D.S. Douches, C.A. Thill, H. Groza, and A.L. Thompson.  2005.  Evaluation of potato late blight management utilizing host plant resistance and reduced rates and frequencies of fungicide applications.  Crop Protection 24:961-970.

Kouassi, A.B., M.C. Kerlan, M. Sobczak, J.P. Dantec, C. Rouaux, D. Ellisseche, and D. Mugniery.  2004.  Resistance to the root-knot nematode Meloidogyne fallax in Solanum sparsipilum: analysis of the mechanisms.  Nematology 6:389-400.

Kuhl, Joseph C. and D.S. Douches.  2005.  Characterization of RB transgenic potato lines.  Presented at 89^th Annual Meeting of The Potato Association of America, Calgary, Canada, July 17-21, 2005.  (Abstract)

Lambert, D.H., M.L. Powelson, and W.R. Stevenson.  2005.  Nutritional interactions influencing diseases of potato.  Am. J. Potato Res. 82:309-319.

Lebecka, R., E. Nimnoch-Guzowska, and Z. Kaczmarek.  2005.  Resistance to soft rot (Erwinia carotovora subsp. atroseptica) in tetraploid potato families obtained from 4x-2x crosses.  Am. J. Potato Res. 82:203-210.

Lehesranta, S.J., H.V. Davies, L.V.T. Shepherd, N. Nunan, J.W. McNicol, S. Auriola, K.M. Koistinen, S. Suomalainen, H.I. Kokko, and S.O. Karenlampi.  2005.  Comparison of tuber proteomes of potato varieties, landraces, and genetically modified lines.  Plant Physio. 138:1690-1699.

Leroux, V., C. Vincent, E. Lucas, Y. Pelletier, D. Quiring, and P. Giordanengo.  2005.  Aphid resistance in wild potatoes: A laboratory study.  Presented at European Association for Potato Research Triennial Meeting, Bilbao, Spain, July 17-22, 2005.  (Abstract)

Li, H.Y., Q. Chen, D. Beasley, and M. Goettel.  2005.  Karyotype and evaluation analysis of Mexican wild species and tetraploid potato Solanum tuberosum by fluorescence in situ hybridization.  Presented at 89^th Annual Meeting of The Potato Association of America, Calgary, Canada, July 17-21, 2005.  (Poster Abstract)

Li X-Q, H. De Jong, D.M. De Jong, and W.S. De Jong.  2005.  Inheritance and genetic mapping of tuber eye depth in cultivated diploid potatoes.  Theor. Appl. Genet. 110:1068-1073.

Love, S.L., R. Novy, J. Whitworth, D.L. Corsini, J.J. Pavek, A.R. Mosley, R.E. Thornton, N.R. Knowles, S.R. James, and D.C. Hane.  2005.  Summit Russet: A new russet potato variety with good fresh market and frozen processing qualities.  Am. J. Potato Res. 82:425-432.

Lynch, D.R., L.M. Kawchuk, D.K. Fujimoto, and Qin Chen.  2003.  Control of potato diseases through breeding and management – a review of progress.  In: Advances in plant disease management.  H.C. Huang and S.N. Acharya (eds.).  Trivandrum, India; Research Signpost, pp. 311-344.

McCue, K.F., L.V.T. Shepherd, P.V. Allen, M.M. Maccree, D.R. Rockhold, D.L. Corsini, H.V. Davies, and W.R. Belknap.  2005.  Metabolic compensation of steroidal glycoalkaloid biosynthesis in transgenic potato tubers: using reverse genetics to confirm the in vivo enzyme function of a steroidal alkaloid glycosyltransferase.  Plant Science 168:267-273.

McCue, K.F., P.V. Allen, L.V. Shepherd, A. Blake, J. Whitworth, M.M. Maccree, D.R. Rockhold, D. Stewart, H.V. Davies, and W.R. Belknap.  2005.  The primary in vivo steroidal alkaloid glucosyltransferase from potato.  Phytochemistry.  In Press.

McCue, K.F., P.V. Allen, L.V. Shepherd, A. Blake, J.L. Whitworth, D.R. Rockhold, D. Stewart, H.V. Davies, and W.R. Belknap.  2005.  Identification and characterization of a novel UDP-glucose: solanidine glucosyltransferase at the committed step in steroidal glycoalkaloid biosynthesis in potatoes.  Presented at 89^th Annual Meeting of The Potato Association of America, Calgary, Canada, July 17-21, 2005.  (Abstract)

Medeiros, A.H., I. DeLalibera, Jr. and W.M. Tingey.  2005.  Aspects of potato leafhopper (Homoptera: Cicadellidae) biology on Solanum berthaultii and other potato genotypes.  J. Econ. Entomol. 98:1704-1709.

Medeiros, A.H. De, W.M. Tingey and W.S. De Jong.  2004.  Field evaluation of Solanum berthaultii inherited resistance to potato leafhopper (Empoasca fabae).  Am. J. Potato Res. 81:431-441.

Meyer, S., A. Nagel and C. Gebhardt.  2005.  PoMaMo – a comprehensive database for potato genome data.  Nucleic Acids Research 33 (Database issue) 

Miller Jr., J.C., D.C. Sheuring, J.W. Koym, and D.G. Holm.  2005.  TX1523-1Ru/Y a.k.a. Sierra Gold^TM: An early maturing, yellow-fleshed russet cultivar for the specialty/gourmet market.  Am. J. Potato Res. 82:369-377.

Millett, B.P. and J.M. Bradeen.  2005.  Does foliar blight resistance R gene RB function for tuber blight control?  Presented at Plant & Animal Genome XIII, San Diego, CA, January 2005.  (Abstract)

Mueller, L.A., T.H. Solow, N. Taylor, B. Skwarecki, R. Buels, J. Binns, C.W. Lin, M.H. Wright, R. Ahrens, Y. Wang, E.V. Herbst, E.R. Keyder, N. Menda, D. Zamir, and S.D. Tanksley.  2005.  The SOL Genomics Network. A comparative resource for Solanaceae biology and beyond.  Plant Phys. 138:1310-1317.

Narayanan, Karthikeyan and Gefu Wang-Pruski.  2005.  Gene expression studies on genetic control of after-cooking darkening in diploid potatoes.  Presented at 89^th Annual Meeting of The Potato Association of America, Calgary, Canada, July 17-21, 2005.  (Abstract)

Navarre, Roy, R. Shakya and J. Holden.  2005.  Analysis of tuber phenolics compounds in diverse potato germplasm.  Presented at 89^th Annual Meeting of The Potato Association of America, Calgary, Canada, July 17-21, 2005.  (Abstract)

Novy, R.G., J.S. Miller, L.D. Porter, S. Yilma, and A.R. Mosley.  2005.  Identification and use of Solanum tuberosum subsp. andigena clones having both foliar and tuber resistance to late blight.  Presented at 89^th Annual Meeting of The Potato Association of America, Calgary, Canada, July 17-21, 2005.  (Abstract)

Novy, Richard G., J.M. Alvarez, S.B. Sterret, T.P. Kuhar, and D. Horton.  2005.  Progeny of a tri-species potato somatic hybrid express resistance to wireworm in Eastern and Western potato production regions of the U.S.  Presented at 89^th Annual Meeting of The Potato Association of America, Calgary, Canada, July 17-21, 2005.  (Abstract)

Novy, Richard G., S.L. Love, D.L. Corsini, J.J. Pavek, J.L. Whitworth, A.R. Mosley, S.R. James, D.C. Hane, C.C. Shock, K.A. Rykbost, C.R. Brown, R.E. Thornton, N.R. Knowles, M.J. Pavek, N. Olsen, and D.A. Inglis.  2005.  Defender: A high-yielding, processing potato cultivar with foliar and tuber resistance to late blight.  Presented at 89^th Annual Meeting of The Potato Association of America, Calgary, Canada, July 17-21, 2005.  (Poster Abstract)

Ortiz, R. and K.N. Watanabe.  2004.  Genetic contributions to breeding polyploids crops.  In: Recent Research Developments in Genetics & Breeding, Vol. 1, Part II.  (S.G. Pandalai, ed.)  Research Signpost:269-286.

Osumi, T., W.R. Belknap, D.R. Rockhold, M. Maccree, and K.L. Deahl.  2005.  Patent approval 11/02/05, “Solanum bulbocastanum late blight resistance gene and use thereof” #10/647,268.

Oyarzun, P.J., J. Yanez and G.A. Forbes.  Evidence for host mediation of preinfection stages of Phytophthora infestans on the leaf surface of Solanum phureja.  J. Phytopath. 152:651-657.

Ozgen, S. and J.P. Palta.  2005.  Supplemental calcium application influences potato tuber number and size.  HortSci. 40:102-105.

Park, T.H., V.G.A.A. Vleeshouwers, D.J. Huigen, E.A.G. van der Vossen, H.J. van Eck, and R.G.F. Visser.  2005.  Characterization and high-resolution mapping of a late blight resistance locus similar to R2 in potato.  Theor. Appl. Genet. 111:591-597.

Park, TaeHo, J. Gros, A. Sikkema, V.G.A.A. Vleeshouwers, M. Muskens, S. Allefs, E. Jacobsen, R.G.F. Visser, and E.A.G. van der Vossen.  2005.  The late blight resistance locus Rpi-blb3 from Solanum bulbocastanum belongs to a major late blight R gene cluster on chromosome 4 of potato.  Mol. Pl.-Mic. Inter. 18:722-729.

Pelletier, Y.  2005.  Resistance of a wild potato to the Colorado potato beetle.  Presented at the Annual Meeting of the Acadian Entomological Society, Fredericton, NB, Canada, June 19-21, 2005.  (Abstract)

Pelletier, Y. and C. Clark.  2005.  Use of reciprocal grafts to elucidate mode of resistance to Colorado potato beetle (Leptinotarsa decemlineata (Say)) and potato aphid (Macrosiphum euphorbiae Thomas) in six wild Solanum species.  Presented at European Association for Potato Research Triennial Meeting, Bilbao, Spain, July 17-22, 2005.  (Poster)

Pelletier, Y., C. Clark and D. de Koeyer.  2005.  The use of Solanum oplocense as a source of resistance to the Colorado potato beetle, Leptinotarsa decemlineata.  Presented at European Association for Potato Research Triennial Meeting, Bilbao, Spain, July 17-22, 2005.  (Abstract)

Pelletier, Y., P. Dexter, R. Coffin, M. Bejan, E. Lucas, C. Vincent, V. Leroux, and P. Giordanengo.  2005.  Aphid resistance in wild potatoes: Preliminary results of field and laboratory trials.  Presented at the Annual Meeting of the Entomological Society of America, Canmore, Alberta, Canada, November 2-5, 2005.  (Poster)

Pelletier, Y., P. Dexter, R. Coffin, M. Bejan, E. Lucas, C. Vincent, V. Leroux, and P. Giordanengo.  2005.  Aphid resistance in wild potatoes: Preliminary results on colonization and population development.  Presented at European Association for Potato Research Triennial Meeting, Bilbao, Spain, July 17-22, 2005.  (Poster)

Pelletier, Y., J. Dutheil and D. de Koeyer.  2005.  Mode of resistance to the Colorado potato beetle (Leptinotarsa decemlineata) of Solanum tarijense.  Presented at European Association for Potato Research Triennial Meeting, Bilbao, Spain, July 17-22, 2005.  (Abstract)

Pianzzola, M.J., L. Zarantonelli, G. Gonzalez, L.F. Fraguas, and A. Vazquez.  2005.  Genetic, phytochemical and biochemical analyses as tools for biodiversity evaluation of wild accessions of Solanum commersonii.  Biochem. Syst. Eco. 33:67-78.

Polkowska-Kowalczyk, L., B. Wielgat and U. Maciejewska.  2004.  The elicitor-induced oxidative processes in leaves of Solanum species with differential polygenic resistance to Phytophthora infestans.  J. Plant Physio. 161(8):913-920.

Qin Xike, J. Soulard, G. Laublin, D. Morese, and M. Cappadocia.  2005.  Molecular analysis of the conserved C4 region of the S₁₁-RNase of Solanum chacoense.  Planta 221:531-537.

Quashie, M.L.A., A. Nato and K. Akpagana.  2004.  Early characterization of tolerance to salinity and drought of two somatic hybrids of potato (Solanum tuberosum L., Solanaceae) and their parents.  Acta Bot. Gallica 151(2):127-138.

Quirin, E.A. and J.M. Bradeen.  2005.  Towards the optimization of resistance gene analog discovery in Solanum species.  Presented at Plant & Animal Genome XIII, San Diego, CA, January 2005.  (Abstract)

Raimondi, J.P., I.E. Peralta, R.W. Masuelli, S. Feingold, and E.L. Camadro.  2005.  Examination of the hybrid origin of the wild potato Solanum ruiz-lealii Brucher.  Plant Syst. Evol. 253:33-51.

Ramsay, G., D.W. Griffiths and N. Deighton.  2004.  Patterns of solanidine glycoalkaloid variation in four gene pools of the cultivated potato.  Genet. Res. Crop Evol. 51:805-813.

Reyes, L.F., J.C. Miller, Jr., and L. Cisneros-Zevallos.  2005.  Antioxidant capacity, anthocyanins and total phenolics in purple- and red-fleshed potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) genotypes.  Am. J. Potato Res. 82:271-277.

Sanchez, Maria J. and James M. Bradeen.  2005.  Towards efficient isolation of R gene orthologs from multiple genotypes: optimization of Long Range-PCR.  Molecular Breeding.  (In press)

Shakhbazau, A.V., G.G. Brychkova, A.S. Panyush, K.I. Zabenkova, T.V. Maneshina, and N.A. Kartel.  2003.  Mutational variability of Solanaceae plants as a result of foreign DNA insertion.  Seryya Biyalagichnykh Navuk 2:44-47.

Simko, I., S. Costanzo, V. Ramanjulu, B.J. Christ, and K.G. Haynes.  2005.  Mapping polygenes for tuber resistance to late blight in a diploid Solanum phureja – S. stenotomum hybrid population.  Presented at 89^th Annual Meeting of The Potato Association of America, Calgary, Canada, July 17-21, 2005.  (Poster Abstract)

Sowokinos, J.S. Gupta and C.A. Thill.  2005.  Introduction of an anti-sweetening gene (UgpA) from the cultivar Snowden into chipping cultivar Dakota Pearl.  Presented at XVI Triennial Conference of the European Assoc. for Potato Research, Bilbao, Spain.

Stark, J.C. and G.A. Porter.  2005.  Potato nutrient management in sustainable cropping systems.  Am. J. Potato Res. 82:329-338.

Sterrett, S.B., K.G. Haynes and Dennis J. Timlin.  2005.  Temperature regime in growth chamber identified for expression of internal heat necrosis.  Presented at 89^th Annual Meeting of The Potato Association of America, Calgary, Canada, July 17-21, 2005.  (Poster Abstract)

Sukhotu, T., O. Kamijima and K. Hosaka.  2005.  Genetic diversity of the Andean tetraploid cultivated potato (Solanum tuberosum L. subsp. andigena Hawkes) evaluated by chloroplast and nuclear DNA markers.  Genome 48:55-64.

Szczerbakowa, A., D. Boltowicz, R. Lebecka, P. Radomski, and B. Wielgat.  2005.  Characteristics of the interspecific somatic hybrids Solanum pinnatisectum (+) S. tuberosum H-8105.  Acta Phys. Plant. 27(3(A)):265-273.

Tek, A.L. and J.M. Jiang.  2004.  The centromeric regions of potato chromosomes contain megabase-sized tandem arrays of telomere-similar sequence.  Chromosoma 113(2):77-83.

Tek, A.L., W.R. Stevenson, J.P. Helgeson, and J.M. Jiang.  2004.  Transfer of tuber soft rot and early blight resistances from Solanum brevidens into cultivated potato.  Theor. Appl. Genet. 109(2):249-254.

Thieme, R., U. Darsow, L. Rakosy-Tican, Kang Zhen-Sheng, T. Gavrilenko, O. Antonova, U. Heimbach, and T. Thieme.  2004.  Use of somatic hybridization to transfer resistance to late blight and potato virus Y (PVY) into cultivated potato.  Pl. Breed. Seed Sci. 50:113-118.

Thill, C.A. and I.I. Dinu.  2005.  Examining chromosomal interactions in inter-series hybrids of Solanum ssp, section Petota.  Presented at XVI Triennial Conference of the European Assoc. for Potato Research, Bilbao, Spain.

Thill, C.A. and J. Miller.  2005.  Minnesota potato breeding program progress report-2005.  Proc. of the 35^th Annual Meeting, NCR-84 Potato Breeding and Genetics Technical Committee, Chicago, Illinois, January 2005.

Thompson, A.L., R.G. Novy, B.L. Farnsworth, G.A. Secor, N.C. Gudmestad, J.R. Sowokinos, E.T. Holm, J.H. Lorenzen, and D. Preston.  2005.  Dakota Pearl: An attractive, bright white-skinned, cold-chipping cultivar with tablestock potential.  Am. J. Potato Res. 82:481-488.

Trabelsi, S., R. Garbouri-Bouzid, F. Vedel, A. Nato, L. Lakhoua, and N. Drira.  2005.  Somatic hybrids between potato Solanum tuberosum and wild species Solanum vernei exhibit a recombination in the pastome.  Plant Cell, Tissue & Organ Culture 83:1-11.

Vaananen, T., T Ikonen, V.M. Rokka, P. Kuronen, R. Serimaa, and V. Ollilainen.  2005.  Influence of incorporated wild Solanum genomes on potato properties in terms of starch nanostructure and glycoalkaloid content.  J. Ag. Food Chem. 53:5313-5325.

Veilleux, R.E.  2005.  Cell and tissue culture of potato (Solanaceae).  In: Genetic Improvement of Solanaceous Crops, Vol. I: Potato, M.K. Razdan and A.K. Mattoo (eds.), Science Publishers, Inc., Enfield, NH, pp. 184-208.

Watanbe, K.N.  2002.  Potato breeding with the use of wild genetic resources.  In: Overseas trends in crop science and mutation breeding.  Report of a symposium held July 17-18, 2002, Ibaraki, Japan.  Gamma Field Symposia 41:65-72.

Westermann, D.T.  2005.  Nutritional requirements of potatoes.  Am. J. Potato Res. 82:301-307.

Xiong XingYao and G.C.C. Tai.  2004.  Haploids in the genetic improvement of Solanaceous species.  Ag. Sci. & Tec. – Hunan 5(2):2-7.

Zoteyeva, N.  2004.  Expression of resistance to Phytophthora infestans in climatic chamber-, screenhouse- and field-grown wild potato species in a detached leaflet assay.  Pl. Breed. Seed Sci. 50:129-135. 

C.        Theses Reporting Research with NRSP-6 Stocks

Dinu, I.I.  2005.  Introgression of wild Solanum species germplasm into cultivated potato gene pool using EBN manipulation.  Ph.D. Dissertation, University of Minnesota, 138 pp.

Sanchez, Maria J.  2005.  Allelic mining for late blight resistance in wild Solanum species belonging to series Bulbocastana.  M.S. Thesis, University of Minnesota, 180 pp.

Villamon, Francisco.  2005.  Late blight resistance linkages in a novel cross of the wild potato species Solanum paucissectum (series Piurana).  M.S. Thesis, University of Wisconsin-Madison.

7.  APPROVED

            __________________________________________            __________

            W.De Jong, Chairman, Technical Committee                 Date

            __________________________________________            __________

            S.A. Slack, Lead Administrative Advisor                                  Date