ANNUAL  REPORT

Calendar Year 2004

1.   NRSP-6: INTER-REGIONAL POTATO INTRODUCTION PROJECT    

Introduction, Classification, Preservation, Evaluation and Distribution of tuber-bearing  Solanum Species.

2.   COOPERATIVE AGENCIES AND PRINCIPAL LEADERS

United States Department of Agriculture

Administrative Advisors

3.  PROGRESS AND PRINCIPAL ACCOMPLISHMENTS

A.     Introduction of New Stocks

Dr. Bamberg, Dr. Alfonso del Rio, and Charles Fernandez (US Potato Genebank) had a successful collecting expedition to the Chiricahua Wilderness in southeast Arizona in September of 2004 (supported with extramural funding from USDA).  They collected 17 new accessions of S. fendleri (now reclassified as stoloniferum).  For 50 years the only available germplasm from this area consisted of a few collections from spots easily accessible by road.  New collections were from sites accessible only through camping and extensive hiking.  This will be a test case of an important question about germplasm collecting:  Do samples from sites easy to access adequately represent the genetics in a geographic area, or is there much more work that should be done to access more remote sites?

A total of 29 accessions were assigned PI numbers in 2004: five from Peru, one from South Africa, six from Korea, and 17 from the southwest United States. These accessions are now available from the NRSP-6 Solanum germplasm collection.

Several steps were taken in the past year to promote and inform researchers of NRSP-6’s services and stocks. The NRSP-6 web page (http://www.ars-grin.gov/nr6) has been updated and made more user friendly.  Clientele that have ordered from NRSP-6 in the past four years are contacted three times per year, informing them of new materials that are now available either as true seed, tubers, in vitro plantlets, or herbarium samples.  A new trifold pamphlet was printed for distribution to school and tour groups and is available on the web page. 

B.  Preservation and Increase of Stocks

In 2004, a total of 268 accessions were increased as botanical seed populations.

A total of 900 potato spindle tuber viroid (PSTVd) tests were performed on seed increase parents, seedlots and research materials.  Germination tests were performed on 1,044 accessions, ploidy determinations were made on 32 accessions, and tetrazolium seed viability tests were done on 32 seedlots. 

In 2003 tetrazolium testing was initiated to determine the cause of poor germination on some seedlots.  For some lots, it was confirmed that poor germination was due to inviable seeds and not germination protocol.  In 2004 we recalled 69 of these zero- germ seedlots from long-term storage at NSSL.  So far we have gotten good seed increases on 53 of these.  A project with NSSL on long-term potato seed viability in different storage systems and methods of prestorage handling was initiated in 2003, and the last of the seed for this project was shipped in 2004.

Progress was made on several international collaborative projects.  We are working with CIP on a project to assess the impact of agrichemicals on pollen and seed viability of wild species.  We planned a study to look at the prevalence of hidden recessives, and diversity of nematode resistance alleles in S. andigena with Russian (VIR) colleagues.

Work continued with Dr. C. Miller’s lab screening for antioxidants in uncolored wild potato species tubers.  Previous screening among species identified ones with promising levels of tuber antioxidant capacity.  Some diploid “Mexican” species seem to have high antioxidants in common:  S. cardiophyllum, S. jamesii, and S. pinnatisectum.  Continued fine screening is discovering high levels of antioxidants in species that are more crossable to tuberosum and known to have acceptably low levels of glycoalkaloids. 

We explored the potenetial of using a potato-based, in vitro Agrobacterium tumefaciens system to screen for anti-tumor factors.  The Potato Crop Germplasm Committee (CGC) also sponsored a funded grant proposal to screen for Potato Carboxypeptidase Inhibitor (PCI), a small, heat-stable protein, unique to potato, that has been shown to efficiently inhibit proliferation of some of the most pernicious human cancers.

Frost resistant breeding work continues with recurrent selection of S. tuberosum, S. acaule and S. commersonii hybrids.  Materials are now maturing earlier with the introgression of very early varieties, and some selections have been confirmed to survive in vitro leaf freezing to –5^oC.   In a related study, substitution backcross families were used to show that cytoplasm is not a factor in the extreme frost hardiness of S. commersonii. 

The cooperative project with NDSU for screening S. andigena populations for Sugar-end disorder did not progress as much as hoped in 2004, since winter tuberization in Weslaco, TX was poor.  In 2005 we started cooperating with a grower in southern CA to assess the utility of that environment.  In 2005 we are undertaking a backup plan to make F1 families of S. andigena accessions with a susceptible tester cultivar.

We discovered a new floral development mutant in S. microdontum which we have named crazy sepal because it grows multiple (indeterminate) sets of sepals instead of anthers and pistils.  This is a potential tool for studying floral development, and may have other applications as a completely sterile mutant.  Progeny tests indicate monogenic recessive gene action.  Attempts to artificially restore fertility are in progress as well as the generation of DNA markers to tag the recessive cs₁ allele.

Testing was continued in an effort to confirm and characterize apomixis in S. jamesii. 

A field tuberization location in Hawaii was tested and appears to be effective.  Until now, the only other way to produce tubers of wild species has been in winter greenhouse pots, and such tubers might not give a true indication of their potential value with respect to a variety of tuber traits.

Plant parts are known to vary widely for pH, but little is known about the variation, basis, or utility of pH extremes in potato tubers.  When pH was measured on species of the mini-core collection, replicates over years and populations gave rather consistent results, with S. polytrichon, S. pinnatisectum and S. papita being the most acidic. Cultivated species, S. verrucosum and S. okadae, were least acidic.  The observed range of pH (5.5-6.1) represents a 4-fold difference in H ion concentration.  We intend to fine-screen among genotypes within species to find the limits of tuber acidity, then characterize the physiology, genetics and impact on economic traits like disease resistances and processing quality.

C.  Classification

Dr. Spooner et al. have published Wild Potatoes (Solanum section Petota) of North and Central America.  Dr. Spooner continues to resolve problems in taxonomic classification that impede efficient documentation and use of the germplasm.  At present he is working on a use-based classification of varieties, and predictive value of taxonomy.

D.  Distribution

NRSP-6 distributed 4,234 units of seed (not including in-house use); 258 tuber families; 2,052 tuber clones; 1,512 in vitro stocks; 47 DNA samples; 231 plants in plugs; and 61 herbarium samples to clientele in 30 states of the USA and 12 other countries.  Internally NRSP-6 used 3,819 units of seed for seed backup, chromosome counts, germination tests, identification and taxonomic check plantings, in vitro maintenance, seed increases, PSTV tests, and miscellaneous plantings.  The volume and types of stocks sent to various consignee categories are summarized in the table below.

VOLUME AND TYPES OF STOCKS DISTRIBUTED

¹ Types of stocks sent/(number of seeds, tubers or plantlets per standard shipping unit): S= True Seeds/(50),  TF= Tuber Families/(10), 

   TS=Tuber Stocks/(3), IVS=In Vitro Stocks/(1), DNA=DNA samples(1), PL=Plants in plugs/(1), Her= Herbarium/(1).

² Includes chromosome counts, germination tests, ID and Taxonomic check plantings, in vitro maintenance, seed increases, PSTV tests,

   miscellaneous plantings, and NSSL seed backup.

E.  Visitors From Other Countries

Dr. L. Lopez           Peru

Dr. W. Roca           Peru

Dr. A. Villegas        Columbia

Dr. E. Sofiare          Indonesia

Dr. M. Herman        Indonesia

Dr. Kaushik             India

Dr. Swarup              India    

Dr. G. P. Das           Bangladesh

Dr. V. Anand           India

4.  USEFULNESS OF FINDINGS

NRSP-6's purpose is to provide a ready source of raw materials, technology and information to support potato enhancement, breeding and research in the USA and around the world.  Thus, one way the success of NRSP-6 can be measured is by the occurrence of NRSP-6 germplasm in the pedigrees of new, improved potato cultivars.  Another is in the use of NRSP-6 stocks in more basic research programs, which is reflected in publications that provide information that ultimately contributes to better exploitation of the germplasm resource.

Four cultivar releases were published in the American Journal of Potato Research in 2004: ‘Pacific Russet’, ‘Red Pearl’, ‘Alta Russet’, and ‘Monticello’.  Four verticillium wilt resistant germplasm releases were published in AJPR.  All of these are known to have wild species in their pedigrees.

Section 6 lists 86 papers, 25 abstracts, and 3 theses which report the use of NRSP-6 Solanum introductions this year.

5.  WORK PLANNED FOR 2005

Fast and accurate delivery of high quality germplasm and information will continue to be the general objective of NRSP-6.  We also aim to raise awareness of the germplasm resource through an advertising/outreach program, and by conducting and publishing research that demonstrates new ways the germplasm can be useful for potato improvement.

Evaluation experiments will continue on Solanum species for these and other traits: antioxidants, tuber acidity, apomixis, crazy sepal mutant, sugar end disorder, frost hardiness, tuber calcium, hormone mutants, and anti-cancer compounds.

APIC Intergenebank projects, researching the status and dynamics of genetic diversity using DNA markers, will continue strengthening ties with sister genebanks around the world.

6.  PUBLICATIONS ISSUED DURING THE YEAR

A.     Publications issued by NRSP-6 Personnel

Bamberg, J.B. and A.H. del Rio.  2004.  2004.  Genetic heterogeneity estimated by RAPD polymorphism of four tuber-bearing potato species differing by breeding system.  Am. J. Potato Res. 81:377-383.

Brown, C.R., H. Mojtahedi and J. Bamberg.  2004.  Evaluation of Solanum fendleri as a source of resistance to Meloidogyne chitwoodi.  Am. J. Potato Res. 81:415-419.

Busse, James S., John B. Bamberg and Jiwan P. Palta.  2004.  Genetic variations for calcium accumulation efficiency in tuber and aerial shoot tissues.  Presented at 88^th Annual Meeting of PAA, Scottsbluff, NE, Aug. 8-12, 2004.  p. 36.  (Abstract)

del Rio, Alfonso and J.B. Bamberg.  2004.  Ten years of research at the US Potato Genebank using molecular markers to study efficiency in the acquisition and management of Potato Genetic Diversity.  Presented at 88^th Annual Meeting of PAA, Scottsbluff, NE, Aug. 8-12, 2004.  p. 77.  (Abstract)

del Rio, Alfonso, J.B. Bamberg and Z. Huaman.  2004.  Assessment of putative identical germplasm collections at CIP and US Potato genebanks determined by RAPD and SSR markers.  Presented at 88^th Annual Meeting of PAA, Scottsbluff, NE, Aug. 8-12, 2004.  p. 32.  (Abstract)

Fernandez, Charles J. and John B. Bamberg.  2004.  A new Solanum fendleri mutant lacking purple pigment.  Presented at 88^th Annual Meeting of PAA, Scottsbluff, NE, Aug. 8-12, 2004.  p. 78.  (Abstract)

Ghislain, M., D.M. Spooner, F. Rodriguez, F. Villamon, J. Nunez, C. Vasquez, R. Waugh, and M. Bonierbale.  2004.  Selection of highly informative and user-friendly microsatellites (SSRs) for genotyping of cultivated potato.  Theor. Appl. Genet. 108:881-890.

Knapp, S., L. Bohs, M. Nee, and D.M. Spooner.  2004.  Solanaceae – a model for linking genomics with biodiversity.  In: Plant & Animal Genome XII Conference, San Diego, CA, January 10-14, 2004.  Comp. Func. Genomics 5(3):285-291.

Spooner, D.M., G.J. Bryan, R.G. van den Berg, and A. del Rio.  2003.  Species concepts and relationships in wild and cultivated potatoes.  In: Potatoes – Healthy food for Humanity: International Developments in Breeding, Production, Protection and Utilization.  Proc. of XXVI International Hort. Congress, Toronto, Canada, Aug. 11-17, 2002. (Ed: R.Y. Yada).  Acta Hort. 619:63-75.

Spooner, David and W.L.A. Hetterscheid.  2004.  Origin of the modern cultivated potato.  Presented at 88^th Annual Meeting of PAA, Scottsbluff, NE, Aug. 8-12, 2004.  p. 47.  (Abstract)

Spooner, David and W.L.A. Hetterscheid.  2004.  Cultivar-group classification of modern cultivated potato.  Presented at 88^th Annual Meeting of PAA, Scottsbluff, NE, Aug. 8-12, 2004.  p. 47.  (Abstract)

Spooner, D.M. and K.A. Williams.  2004.  Germplasm acquisition.  Encyclopedia of Plant and Crop Science, Ed.: R.M. Goodman, 537-540.  Dekker Agropedia, New York, New York.

Vega, S.E., J.B. Bamberg and J.P. Palta.  2004.  Characterization of gibberellin requirements for various diploid and tetraploid gibberellin deficient mutants.  Presented at 88^th Annual Meeting of PAA, Scottsbluff, NE, Aug. 8-12, 2004.  p. 60.  (Abstract)

Vega, S.E., J.P. Palta and J.B. Bamberg.  2004.  Evidence for the mitigation of gibberellin deficiency symptoms by root zone calcium in GA-deficient mutants of potato.  Presented at 88^th Annual Meeting of PAA, Scottsbluff, NE, Aug. 8-12, 2004.  p. 61.  (Abstract)

Vega, S.E., A.H. del Rio, J.B. Bamberg, and J.P. Palta.  2004.  Evidence for the up-regulation of stearoyl-ACP (Δ9) desaturase gene expression during cold acclimation.  Am. J. Potato Res. 81:125-135.

B.        Journal Articles and Abstracts Reporting Research with NRSP-6 Stocks

Alcalde-Eon, C., G. Saavedra, S. de Pascual-Teresa, and J.C. Rivas-Gonzalo.  2004.  Identification of anthocyanins of pinta boca (Solanum stenotomum) tubers.  Food Chem. 86(3):441-448.

Anderson, J.A.D., S.L. Lewthwaite, R.A. Genet, and W.F. Braam.  2004.  Moonlight: A new dual-purpose main crop potato (Solanum tuberosum) cultivar.  New Zealand J. Crop Hort. Sci. 32(1):153-156.

Arnone, S., S. Musmeci, V. Fonzo, M. Cristofaro, O. Temperini, F. Saccardo, and A. Sonnino.  2002.  Breeding for resistance to Leptinotarsa decemlineata (Colorado potato beetle), Phthorimaea operculella ( tuber moth), Agriotes spp. (wireworm) in potato.  Rivista di Ag. 36 (Suppl. 1):33-38.

Banyal, Jeena, Meetul Kumar, S.D. Chakrabarti, D. Pattanayak, V.P. Chimote, Singh Lokendra, and P.S. Naik.  2003.  Cloning and sequencing of an Osmotin-like gene fragment from the late blight resistant wild potato species Solanum chacoense.  In: Symposium on ‘Potato research towards national food and nutritional security’, 2-3 October, 2003. (Eds: S.K. Pandey and Singh Brajesh).  J. Indian Potato Assn. 30(1/2)37-38.

Blessington, T., A.L. Hale, D.C. Sheuring, and J.C. Miller, Jr.  2004.  Effect of cooking and storage on antioxidant activity in potato (Solanum tuberosum L.).  HortSci. 39:879.  (Abstract)

Blessington, T., A.L. Hale, D.C. Sheuring, and J.C. Miller, Jr.  2004.  Effect of cooking ,storage, and gamma irradiation on antioxidant activity in potato (Solanum tuberosum L.).  Am. J. Potato Res.  81:.  (Abstract)

Blotskaya, Z.V. and N.V. Rusetsky.  2002.  Evaluation of potato selection material for complex virus resistance.  Zashichita Rastenii 25:40-45.

Brigneti, G., A.M. Martin-Hernandez, et al.  2004.  Virus-induced gene silencing in Solanum species.  Plant J. 39(2):264-272.

Brown, C.R., H. Mojtahedi, and G.S. Santo.  2003.  Characteristics of resistance to Columbia root-knot nematode introgressed from several Mexican and North American wild potato species.  In: Potatoes – Healthy food for Humanity: Internatl Developments in Breeding, Production, Protection and Utilization.  Proc. of XXVI Internatl Hort. Congress, Toronto, Canada, Aug. 11-17, 2002. (Ed: R.Y. Yada).  Acta Hort. 619:117-125.

Brown, C.R. and H. Mojtahedi.  2004.  Evidence of systemic acquired resistance to Meloidogyne chitwoodi, race 2, conferred by gene for resistance to race 1 from Solanum bulbocastanum.  Presented at 88^th Annual Meeting of PAA, Scottsbluff, NE, Aug. 8-12, 2004.  p. 59.  (Abstract)

Cardi, T., F. Consiglio, F. Fiorentino, L. Frusciante, and S. Grillo.  2002.  Agronomic evaluation and frost tolerance of potato progenies derived from somatic hybridization with wild species Solanum commersonii.  Rivista di Agronomia 36 (Supplement 1):18-25.

Carputo, D., A. Barone, M.R. Ercolano, L. Frusciante, M. Iovene, M. Parisi, A. Sebastiano, L. Monti, and V. Marzi.  2002.  Evaluation and selection of BC₁, BC₂, and BC₃ genotypes derived from interspecific hybridization Solanum tuberosum – S. commersonii.  Rivista di Agronomia 36 (Supplement 1):26-32.

Carputo, D., A. Terra, A. Barone, F. Esposito, V. Fogliano, L. Monti, and L. Frusciante.  2003.  Glycoalkaloids and acclimation capacity of hybrids between Solanum tuberosum and the incongruent hardy species Solanum commersonii.  Theor. Appl. Genet. 107(7):1187-1194.

Chen, Q., D. Lynch, H.W. (Bud) Platt, H.Y. Li, Y. Shi, H.J. Li, D. Beasley, L. Rakosy-Tican, and R. Theme.  2004.  Interspecific crossability and cytogenetic analysis of sexual progenies of Mexican wild diploid 1EBN species Solanum pinnatisectum and S. cardiophyllum.  Am. J. Potato Res. 81:159-169.

Chen, Q., S. Sun, Q. Ye, S. McCuine, E. Huff, and H.B. Zhang.  2004.  Construction of two BAC libraries from the wild Mexican diploid potato, Solanum pinnatisectum, and the identification of clones near the late blight and Colorado potato beetle resistance loci.  Theor. Appl. Genet. 108(6):1002-1009.

Coombs, Joseph, David Douches, Susannah Cooper, and Edward Grafius.  2004.  Colorado potato beetle and potato resistance mechanisms: more than just a defoliation issue.  Presented at 88^th Annual Meeting of PAA, Scottsbluff, NE, Aug. 8-12, 2004.  p. 54.  (Abstract)

Conicella, C., A. Capo, M. Cammareri, A. Errico, N. Shamina, and L.M. Monti.  2003.  Elucidation of meiotic nuclear restitution mechanisms in potato through analysis of microtubular cytoskeleton.  Euphytica 133(1):107-115.

Conner, T.  2003.  Somatic hybrids—a GE alternative? An example in potato.  Grower 58(11):38-40.

De Jong, W., D.M. De Jong and M. Bodis.  2004.  An approach to measure allele dosage in autotetraploid potato.  Am. J. Potato Res. 81:55.

De Medeiros, Ane H., Ward M. Tingey and Walter S. De Jong.  2004.  Mechanisms of resistance to potato leafhopper, Empoasca fabae (Harris), in potato.  Am. J. Potato Res. 81:431-441.

Deahl, K.L., T. Oosumi, D.R. Rockhold, M.M. Maccree, and W.R. Belknap.  2004.  Accessing horizontal resistance to late blight in potato germplasm derived from Solanum bulbocastanum.  Presented at 88^th Annual Meeting of PAA, Scottsbluff, NE, Aug. 8-12, 2004.  p. 68.  (Abstract)

Douches, David S. and Kelly Zarka.  2004.  Engineered approaches to develop potatoes for sub-optimal irrigation conditions.  Presented at 88^th Annual Meeting of PAA, Scottsbluff, NE, Aug. 8-12, 2004.  p. 57.  (Abstract)

Ewing, E.E., I. Simko, E.A. Omer, and P.J. Davies.  2004.  Polygene mapping as a tool to study the physiology of potato tuberization and dormancy.  Am. J. Potato Res. 81:281-289.

Frost, K.E., D.I. Rouse and S.H. Jansky.  2004.  Distributional dynamics of Verticillium dahliae in potato plant tissue through the growing season.  Phytopathology 94:S32.

Gebhardt, C., A. Ballvora, B. Walkemeier, P. Oberhagemann, and K. Schuler.  2004.  Assessing genetic potential in germplasm collections of crop plants by marker-trait association: a case study for potatoes with quantitative variation of resistance to late blight and maturity type.  Molecular Breeding 13(1):93-102.

Gillen, A.M. and R. Novy.  2004.  Development of SSRs and conversion of RFLP markers to PCR-based markers for introgression of viral resistance genes from Solanum etuberosum.  Presented at 88^th Annual Meeting of PAA, Scottsbluff, NE, Aug. 8-12, 2004.  p. 78.  (Abstract)

Gonzales-Vigil, Eliana, Kelly Zarka, Pavani Tumbalum, Willie Kirk, and David Douches.  2004.  Combining engineered and natural host plant resistance to Phytophthora infestans in cultivated potato.  Presented at 88^th Annual Meeting of PAA, Scottsbluff, NE, Aug. 8-12, 2004.  p. 80.  (Abstract)    

Groza, H.I., B.D. Bowen, D. Kichefski, S.J. Peloquin, and J. Jiang.  2004.  Red Pearl: A new gourmet red potato variety.  Am. J. Potato Res. 81:209-213.

Habib, A. and D.J. Donnelly.  2004.  Calcium translocation and accumulation into potato tubers.  Potato Research 45:17-24.

Hannapel, David J., Hao Chen, Faye M. Rosin, Anjan K. Banerjee, and Peter J. Davies.  2004.  Molecular controls of tuberization.

Hayashi, K., M. Mori, Y.M. Knox, T. Suzutan, M. Ogasawara, I. Yoshida, K. Hosokawa, A. Tsukui, and M. Azuma.  2003.  Anti influenza virus activity of a red-fleshed potato anthocyanins.  Food Sci. Tech. Res. 9(3):242-244. 

Haynes, Kathleen G. and D. Peter Weingartner.  2004.  The use of area under the disease progress curve to assess resistance to late blight in potato germplasm.  Am. J. Potato Res. 81:137-141.

Hosaka, Kazuyoshi.  2004.  Evolutionary pathway of T-type chloroplast DNA in potato.  Am. J. Potato Res. 81:153-158.

HuaiJun, Si and Di Wang.  2003.  Fertility and genetic improvement of interspecific somatic hybrids of potato.  Acta Agro. Sinica 29(2):280-284.

Jakuczun, Henryka and Ewa Zimnoch-Guzowska.  2004.  Inheritance of glucose content in tubers of diploid potato families.  Am. J. Potato Res. 81:359-370.

Jansky, Shelley.  2004.  Resistance to white mold in wild Solanum species.  Presented at 88^th Annual Meeting of PAA, Scottsbluff, NE, Aug. 8-12, 2004.  p. 59.  (Abstract)

Jansky, S.H., E.D. Mauritz, J.J. Clark, and D.I. Rouse.  2003.  Disease resistance in potato haploids.  In: Potatoes – Healthy food for Humanity: Internatl Developments in Breeding, Production, Protection and Utilization.  Proc. of XXVI Internatl Hort. Congress, Toronto, Canada, Aug. 11-17, 2002. (Ed: R.Y. Yada).  Acta Hort. 619:135-144.

Jansky, S.H., G.L. Davis and S.J. Peloquin.  2004.  A genetic model for tuberization in potato haploid-wild species hybrids grown under long-day conditions.  Am. J. Potato Res. 81:335-339.

Jansky, S.H., D.I. Rouse and P.J. Kauth.  2004.  Inheritance of resistance to Verticillium dahliae in diploid interspecific potato hybrids.  Plant Disease 88:1075-1078.

Karlsson, B.H. and J.P. Palta.  2003.  Enhancing tuber calcium by in-season calcium application can reduce tuber bruising during mechanical harvest.  In: Potatoes – Healthy food for Humanity: Internatl Developments in Breeding, Production, Protection and Utilization.  Proc. of XXVI Internatl Hort. Congress, Toronto, Canada, Aug. 11-17, 2002. (Ed: R.Y. Yada).  Acta Hort. 619:285-291.

Kiru, S.D., M.V. Patrikeeva, L.A. Gus’kova, and S.A. Makovskaya.  2003.  Use of Solanum andigena in potato breeding.  Zashcita i Karantin Rastenii 8:40.

Kovacs, K., C. Catana and D. Pamfil.  2003.  Somatic hybridization on potato.  Bul. Uni. De Stiinte Ag. Si Med. Vet. Cluj-Napoca, Seria Zootehnie si Biotehn. 59:279-283.

Kulawiec, M., N. Tagashira, W. Plader, G. Bartoszewski, D. Kuc, R. Sniezko, and S. Malepszy.  2003.  Chromosome number variation in somatic hybrids between transgenic tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) and Solanum lycopersicoides.  J. Appl. Genetics. 44(4):431-447.

Kumar, Raj and Jai Gopal.  2003.  Combining ability of andigena accessions for yield components and tuber dry matter in third clonal generation.  In: Symposium on ‘Potato research towards national food and nutritional security’, 2-3 October, 2003. (Eds: S.K. Pandey and Singh Brajesh).  J. Indian Potato Assn. 30(1/2)3-4.

Lagace, M. and D.P. Matton.  2004.  Characterization of a WRKY transcription factor expressed in late torpedo-stage embryos of Solanum chacoense.  Planta 219(1):185-189.

Lampert, E. de S. and C.A.B.P. Pinto.  2002.  Agronomic performance of potato interspecific hybrids.  Crop Breeding Appl. Biotech. 2(2):179-187.

Lebecka, R. and E. Zimnoch-Guzowska.  2004.  The inheritance of resistance to soft rot (Erwinia carotovora subsp. atroseptica) in diploid potato families.  Am. J. Potato Res. 81:395-401.

Levy-Lior, A., S. Weiner and L. Addadi.  2003.  Achiral calcium-oxalate crystals with chiral morphology from the leaves of some Solanacea plants.  Helvetica Chimica Acta 86(12):4007-4017.

Love, S.L., T. Salaiz, A.R. Mosley, B. Shafii, W.J. Price, and R.E. Thornton.  2003.  Ascorbic acid concentration and stability in North American potato germplasm.  In: Potatoes – Healthy food for Humanity: Internatl Developments in Breeding, Production, Protection and Utilization.  Proc. of XXVI Internatl Hort. Congress, Toronto, Canada, Aug. 11-17, 2002. (Ed: R.Y. Yada).  Acta Hort. 619:87-93.

Lynch, D.R., Q. Chen, L.M. Kawchuk, and D. Driedger.  2004.  Verticillium wilt resistant germplasm-release of clone LRC18-21 and derivatives.  Am. J. Potato Res. 81:295-297.

Lynch, D.R., L.M. Kawchuk, Q. Chen, M. Konschuh, J. Holley, D.K. Fujimoto, D. Driedger, H. Wolfe, L. Dunbar, D. Waterer, P. Bains, J. Wahab, and P. McAllister.  2004.  Alta Russet: An early-maturing, high-quality russet cultivar for wedge-cut french fry production.  Am. J. Potato Res. 81:195-201.

Lynch, D.R., L.M. Kawchuk, Q. Chen, J. Wahab, M. Konschuh, D. Waterer, J. Holley, D.K. Fujimoto, D. Driedger, H. Wolfe, L. Dunbar, P. Bains, and P. McAllister.  2004.  Pacific Russet: An early maturing, attractive russet cultivar with excellent culinary quality.  Am. J. Potato Res. 81:235-241.

McCue, K.F., P.V. Allen, D.R. Rockhold, M.M. Maccree, W.R. Belknap, L.V.T. Shepherd, H. Davies, P. Joyce, D.L. Corsini, and C.P. Moehs.  2003.  Reduction of total steroidal glycoalkaloids in potato tubers using antisense constructs of a gene encoding a solanidine glucosyl transferase.  In: Potatoes – Healthy food for Humanity: Internatl Developments in Breeding, Production, Protection and Utilization.  Proc. of XXVI Internatl Hort. Congress, Toronto, Canada, Aug. 11-17, 2002. (Ed: R.Y. Yada).  Acta Hort. 619:77-86.

Miller, A.R., J.C. Jang and N.J. Flickinger.  2003.  The effect of commercial brassinosteroid on growth and steroidal glycoalkaloid content of cultivated potato (Solanum tuberosum) and S. chacoense in vitro.  In: Potatoes – Healthy food for Humanity: Internatl Developments in Breeding, Production, Protection and Utilization.  Proc. of XXVI Internatl Hort. Congress, Toronto, Canada, Aug. 11-17, 2002. (Ed: R.Y. Yada).  Acta Hort. 619:309-313.

Miller, J.C., Jr., G.C.C. Tai, B. Ouellette, and J.P. Miller.  2004.  Discriminating Russet Norkotah intraclonal selections using canonical and cluster analysis.  Am. J. Potato Res. 81:31-35.

Mollov, Dimitre S. and Christian A. Thill.  2004.  Evidence of potato virus Y asymptomatic clones in diploid and tetraploid potato-breeding populations.  Am. J. Potato Res. 81:317-326.

Morris, W.L., L. Ducreux, D.W. Griffiths, D. Stewart, H.V. Davies, and M.A. Taylor.  2004.  Carotenogenesis during tuber development and storage in potato.  J. Exp. Botany 55(399):975-982.

Novy, R.G. and J.M. Alvarez.  2004.  Resistance to wireworm in the progeny of a tri-species potato somatic hybrid.  Presented at 88^th Annual Meeting of PAA, Scottsbluff, NE, Aug. 8-12, 2004.  p. 58.  (Abstract)

Novy, R.G., L.D. Porter and J.S. Miller.  2004.  Identification of Solanum tuberosum Gp. Andigena clones having both foliar and tuber resistance to late blight.  Presented at 88^th Annual Meeting of PAA, Scottsbluff, NE, Aug. 8-12, 2004.  p. 60.  (Abstract)

Ortiz, R. and A.M. Golmirzaie.  2004.  Genotype by environment interaction and selection in true potato seed breeding.  Experimental Agriculture 40(1):99-107.

Pelletier, Y.  2004.  Resistance to the potato flea beetle in wild potato species.  Annual Meeting of the Entomological Society of Canada, Oct. 15-18, Charlottetown, P.E.I.  (Poster)

Pelletier, Yvan and Catherine Clark.  2004.  Use of reciprocal grafts to elucidate mode of resistance to Colorado potato beetle (Leptinotarsa decemlineata (Say)) and potato aphid (Macrosiphum euphorbiae (Thomas)) in six wild Solanum species.  Am. J. Potato Res. 81:341-346.

Perales-Rosas, D., H. Lozoya-Saldana, S. Fernandez-Pavia, and N.J. Grunwald.  2004.  Subpopulations of Phytophthora infestans in wild Solanum species in Toluca, Mexico.  Presented at 88^th Annual Meeting of PAA, Scottsbluff, NE, Aug. 8-12, 2004.  p. 68.  (Abstract)

Porter, G.A., D.H. Lambert, A.A. Bushway, R.L. Plaisted, K.M. Paddock, W.S. DeJong, and D.E. Halseth.  2004.  Monticello: A mid-season variety with good tuber appearance and chipping potential from mid- to long-term storage.  Am. J. Potato Res. 81:143-152.

Proscevicius, J., J. Jundulas, R. Vysniauskiene, and Z. Stasevski.  1999.  Interspecific potato hybrids resistant to frost-killing.  In: The problems of modern genetics in Lithuania.  Proc. of conf of Lithuanian Soc. of Geneticists and Breeders, Kaunas, Lithuania, 12 Nov. 1999, part 1: Pl. Genet. Breed.  Biologija 3:67-69.

Proscevicius, J., Z. Stasevski, N. Tiunaitiene, and R. Ganusauskiene.  1998.  Interspecific somatic hybridization between potato Solanum tuberosum L. and S. commersonii Dun.  In: Proc. of 7^th Congress of Lithuanian Soc. of Geneticists and Breeders, Vilnius, Lithuania, 9 Oct. 1997, part 2: Plant genetics, genetical resources and breeding, human and medical genetics.  Biologija 1:68-71.

Reddivari, L., A.L. Hale, D.C. Scheuring, and J.C. Miller, Jr.  2004.  Identification of specialty potato selections with high antioxidant activity.  HortSci. 39:879. (Abstract)

Reddivari, L., A.L. Hale, D.C. Scheuring, and J.C. Miller, Jr.  2004.  Carotenoid content of specialty potato selections as affected by genotype and crop year.  Am. J. Potato Res.  81:.  (Abstract)

Reyes, L.F., J.C. Miller, Jr. and L. Cisneros-Zevallos.  2004.  Environmental conditions influence the content and yield of anthocyanins and total phenolics in purple- and red-flesh potatoes during tuber development.  Am. J. Potato Res. 81:187-193.

Rogozina, E.V.  2004.  Interspecies potato hybrids as late blight resistance donors.  Russian Ag. Sci. 3:9-13.

Scotti, N., L. Monti and T. Cardi.  2004.  Organelle DNA variation in parental Solanum spp. genotypes and nuclear-cytoplasmic interactions in Solanum tuberosum (+) S. commersonii somatic hybrid-backcross progeny.  Theor. Appl. Genet. 108(1):87-94.

Serquen, F.C. and R.E. Hanneman, Jr.  2002.  An analysis of the hybrid nature of Solanum x edinense Berth. Using molecular, cytological and crossability studies.  Potato Research 45:85-97.

Shakhbazau, A.V., G.G. Brychkova, A.S. Panyush, T.V. Maneshina, K.I. Zabenkova, and N.A. Kartel.  2003.  Agrobacterial transformation of Solanaceae plants using biolistic bombardment.  Seryya Biyalagichnykh Navuk 3:38-41.

Simko, I., K.G. Haynes and R.W. Jones.  2004.  Mining data from potato pedigrees: tracking the origin of susceptibility and resistance to Verticillium dahliae in North American cultivars through molecular marker analysis.  Theor. Appl. Genet. 108(2):225-230.

Sowokinos, J., C.A. Thill, I. Shea, and K. Novak.  2004.  Use of UDP-Glucose pyrophosphorylase (UGPase) isozymes profiles and basal acid invertase activity to select for potato germplasm resistance to cold-induced-sweetening (CIS).  Presented at 88^th Annual Meeting of PAA, Scottsbluff, NE, Aug. 8-12, 2004.  p. 38.  (Abstract)

Staples, R.C.  2004.  Race nonspecific resistance for potato late blight.  Trends in Plant Science 9(1):5-6.

Sukhotu, T., O. Kamijima and K. Hosaka.  2004.  Nuclear and chloroplast DNA differentiation in Andean potatoes.  Genome 47:46-56.

Suttle, Jeffrey C.  2004.  Physiological regulation of potato tuber dormancy.  Am. J. Potato Res. 81:253-262.

Szczerbakowa, A., D. Boltowicz and B. Wielgat.  2003.  Interspecific somatic hybrids Solanum bulbocastanum (+) S. tuberosum H-8105.  Acta Physiologiae Plantarum 25(4):365-373.

Tai, G.C.C. and T.R. Tarn.  2003.  Evaluation of varieties: genotypes, environments and genotype-environment interactions.  In: Potatoes – Healthy food for Humanity: Internatl Developments in Breeding, Production, Protection and Utilization.  Proc. of XXVI Internatl Hort. Congress, Toronto, Canada, Aug. 11-17, 2002. (Ed: R.Y. Yada).  Acta Hort. 619:31-34.

Tarn, T.R., A.M. Murphy, D.H. Wilson, V.J. Burns, and K.G. Proudfoot.  2003.  Multiple resistance to diseases in a population of long-day adapted Andigena potatoes.  In: Potatoes – Healthy food for Humanity: Internatl Developments in Breeding, Production, Protection and Utilization.  Proc. of XXVI Internatl Hort. Congress, Toronto, Canada, Aug. 11-17, 2002. (Ed: R.Y. Yada).  Acta Hort. 619:189-194.

Treuren, R. van, A. Magda, R. Hoekstra, and T.J.L. van Hintum.  2004.  Genetic and economic aspects of marker-assisted reduction of redundancy from a wild potato germplasm collection.  Genet. Resources & Crop Evolution 51(3):277-290.

Upadhya, M.D., R. Cabello, R. Falcon, and E. Chujoy.  2003.  Effects of location and year of production on hybrid true potato seed quality and performance.  In: Potatoes – Healthy food for Humanity: Internatl Developments in Breeding, Production, Protection and Utilization.  Proc. of XXVI Internatl Hort. Congress, Toronto, Canada, Aug. 11-17, 2002. (Ed: R.Y. Yada).  Acta Hort. 619:371-374.

Veilleux, R.E.  2004.  Breeding using doubled haploids.  In: Encyclopedia of Plant & Crop Science, Marcel Dekker, Inc., New York.  Pp 207-210.

Volkov, R.A., N.Y. Komarova, I.I. Panchuk, and V. Hemleben.  2003.  Molecular evolution of rDNA external transcribed spacer and phylogeny of sect. Petota (genus Solanum).  Mol. Phylogenet. Evol. 29(2):187-202.

Vossen, E. van der, A. Sikkema, B. te L. Hekkert, J. Gros, P. Stevens, M. Muskens, D. Wouters, A. Pereira, W. Stiekema, and S. Allefs.  2003.  An ancient R gene from the wild potato species Solanum bulbocastanum confers broad-spectrum resistance to Phytophthora infestans in cultivated potato and tomato.  Plant J. 36(6):867-882.

Vreugdenhil, Dick.  2004.  Comparing potato tuberization and sprouting: Opposite phenomena?  Am. J. Potato Res. 81:275-280.

Vysniauskiene, R., J. Proscevicius and Z. Jancys.  2002.  Proteins in somatic hybrids of potatoes Solanum tuberosum and S. commersonii after ABA treatment.  In: Proc. of 3^rd Genetical Congress of Baltic Countries (Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania), Vilnius, Lithuania, 10-12 Oct. 2002.  Biologija 3:54-56.

Vysniauskiene, R., J. Proscevicius, Z. Jancys, and A. Radziunaite-Paukstiene.  2003.  Chloroplast protein content in frost resistant potato hybrids.  Sodininkyste ir Darzininkyste 22(3):568-573.

Wang, Bing and Alan R. Langille.  2004.  Response of a GA-deficient potato mutant to induction and growth regulators as a working model for tuber initiation.  Presented at 88^th Annual Meeting of PAA, Scottsbluff, NE, Aug. 8-12, 2004.  p. 61.  (Abstract) 

Wang-Pruski, G., H. de Jong, T. Astatkie, and Y. Leclerc.  2003.  Genetic and environmental interactions affecting potato after-cooking darkening.  In: Potatoes – Healthy food for Humanity: Internatl Developments in Breeding, Production, Protection and Utilization.  Proc. of XXVI Internatl Hort. Congress, Toronto, Canada, Aug. 11-17, 2002. (Ed: R.Y. Yada).  Acta Hort. 619:45-52.

Wang-Pruski, G. and T.R. Tarn.  2003.  Digital-imaging analysis—a new method for evaluation of potato after-cooking darkening.  In: Potatoes – Healthy food for Humanity: Internatl Developments in Breeding, Production, Protection and Utilization.  Proc. of XXVI Internatl Hort. Congress, Toronto, Canada, Aug. 11-17, 2002. (Ed: R.Y. Yada).  Acta Hort. 619:399-404.

Wulff, E.G., E.V. Gonzales, J.A. Ortega, S. Torres, W. Perez, R. Nelson, and M. Bonierbale.  2003.  Comparative analysis of new sources of late blight resistance using phenotypic and molecular genetic approaches.  In: Potatoes – Healthy food for Humanity: Internatl Developments in Breeding, Production, Protection and Utilization.  Proc. of XXVI Internatl Hort. Congress, Toronto, Canada, Aug. 11-17, 2002. (Ed: R.Y. Yada).  Acta Hort. 619:23-29.  

Zlesak, David C. and Christian A. Thill.  2004.  Foliar resistance to Phytophthora infestans (Mont.) de Bary (US-8) in 13 Mexican and South American Solanum species having EBNs of 1, 2, and 4 and implications for breeding.  Am. J. Potato Res. 81:421-429.

C.        Theses Reporting Research with NRSP-6 Stocks

Habib, A.  2004.  Studies on the improvement of calcium uptake into micropropagated potato.  Ph.D. thesis, Faculty of Graduate Studies & Research, McGill University, Montreal, Canada.

Lightbourn, Gordon.  2004.  Development and genetic analysis of intermonoploid somatic hybrids of potato.  Ph.D. dissertation, Virginia Polytechnic Institute & State University, Blacksburg, Virginia.

Skoneczka, Jeffrey.  2004.  Expression of transgenes in sexual hybrids of potato.  M.S. thesis, Virginia Polytechnic Institute & State University, Blacksburg, Virginia.

7.  APPROVED

            __________________________________________            __________

            D. S. Douches, Chairman, Technical Committee                        Date

            __________________________________________            __________

            S.A. Slack, Lead Administrative Advisor                                  Date